Research COde

political scientist charles t. rubin believes ai can neither designed nor guaranteed benevolent. argues sufficiently advanced benevolence may indistinguishable malevolence. humans should not assume machines or robots treat favorably, because there no priori reason believe sympathetic our system of morality, has evolved along our particular biology (which ais not share). hyper-intelligent software may not decide support continued existence of humanity, , extremely difficult stop. topic has begun discussed in academic publications real source of risks civilization, humans, , planet earth. physicist stephen hawking, microsoft founder bill gates, , spacex founder elon musk have expressed concerns possibility ai evolve point humans not control it, hawking theorizing spell end of human race . one proposal deal ensure first intelligent ai friendly ai , , able control subsequently developed ais. question whether kind of check remain in place. leading ai researcher rodney brooks writes, th...

1 applications 1.1 competitions , prizes 1.2 healthcare 1.3 automotive 1.4 finance , economics 1.5 video games applications an automated online assistant providing customer service on web page – 1 of many primitive applications of artificial intelligence. ai relevant intellectual task. modern artificial intelligence techniques pervasive , numerous list here. frequently, when technique reaches mainstream use, no longer considered artificial intelligence; phenomenon described ai effect. high-profile examples of ai include autonomous vehicles (such drones , self-driving cars), medical diagnosis, creating art (such poetry), proving mathematical theorems, playing games (such chess or go), search engines (such google search), online assistants (such siri), image recognition in photographs, spam filtering, prediction of judicial decisions , targeting online advertisements. with social media sites overtaking tv source news young people , news organisations increasingly reliant on social media ...

1 career 1.1 assistant solicitor general 1.2 cases 1.2.1 first amendment cases 1.3 academia 1.4 non-profit work 1.5 notable clients career lewin law clerk chief judge j. edward lumbard of united states court of appeals second circuit (1960–1961) , associate justice john m. harlan of supreme court of united states (1961–1962). lewin served deputy administrator of bureau of security , consular affairs @ department of state. later served deputy assistant attorney general in civil rights division of department of justice. upon leaving government service, lewin founding partner of miller cassidy larroca , lewin. lewin has practiced law in district of columbia, new york, supreme court of united states, federal appellate circuits, , many united states district courts. lewin has engaged in trial , appellate litigation in federal , state courts more 45 years. assistant solicitor general while assistant solicitor general in department of justice under solicitors general archibald cox , thurgood ...

1 semantics of ctl 1.1 definition 1.2 characterisation of ctl 1.3 semantic equivalences semantics of ctl definition ctl formulae interpreted on transition systems. transition system triple m = ( s , → , l ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {m}}=(s,\rightarrow ,l)} , s {\displaystyle s} set of states, →⊆ s × s {\displaystyle \rightarrow \subseteq s\times s} transition relation, assumed serial, i.e. every state has @ least 1 successor, , l {\displaystyle l} labelling function, assigning propositional letters states. let m = ( s , → , l ) {\displaystyle {\ma...

theseus slays minotaur. detail attic red-figure pelike. ca. 470 bc. cerveteri, italy. museo gregoriano etrusco the artemision bronze, bronze statue of deity, either poseidon or zeus, hurl missing projectile (either thunderbolt, if zeus, or trident if poseidon). height: 2.1 m. ca. 460 bc. found in shipwreck off cape artemisium. athens national archaeological museum modern touristic literature states according greek mythology, cape sounion spot aegeus, king of athens, leapt death off cliff, giving name aegean sea. however, greek geographer pausanias mentioned acropolis place event took place. the earliest literary reference sounion in homer s poem odyssey, composed in 8th century bc. recounts mythical tribulations suffered greek hero odysseus in grueling 10-year sea-voyage return native island, ithaca, in ionian sea, sack of troy. ordeal supposedly inflicted upon him poseidon, whom temple @ sounion dedicated. story recounts various greek commanders sailed troy, helmsman of ship of king m...

1 standards 1.1 international 1.1.1 iso 1.2 asia 1.2.1 china 1.2.2 japan 1.2.3 south korea 1.2.4 russian federation 1.2.5 thailand 1.3 australia 1.4 europe 1.4.1 cen 1.4.2 germany 1.4.3 france 1.4.4 united kingdom 1.4.5 former yugoslavia 1.5 north america 1.5.1 united states standards international iso there several iso standards size designation of clothes: iso 3635: 1981, size designation of clothes – definitions , body measurement procedure iso 3636: 1977, size designation of clothes - men’s , boys outerwear garments. iso 3637: 1977, size designation of clothes - women’s , girls outerwear garments. iso 3638: 1977, size designation of clothes - infants garments. iso 4415: 1981, size designation of clothes - mens , boys underwear, nightwear , shirts. iso 4416: 1981, size designation of clothes - women’s , girls’ underwear, nightwear, foundation garments , shirts. iso 4417: 1977, size designation of clothes - headwear. iso 4418: 1978, size designation of clothes - gloves. iso 5971: 198...

1 changing marketplace 1.1 1932 1.2 1933 1.3 1934-7 1.4 1938 changing marketplace hudson had manufactured inexpensive essex 1919 lower-priced vehicle line; company merged essex in 1922. essex credited helping make enclosed automobile affordable model inexpensive automobiles. low-priced closed model essex coach had promoted sensational recovery of hudson automaker in 1922. declining sales of essex, combined growing pressure effects of great depression forced hudson replace essex re-designed automobile lower manufacturing cost , selling price. roy d. chapin decided repeat successful strategy in 1932 producing light car in bottom price class, vehicle combine style, comfort, , reliability . although daring launch car during great depression, chapin convinced terraplane name have great public appeal linked public interest in aviation prevalent @ time. the terraplane contributed hudson motor s sales during depression 1930s. sales of terraplane outpaced hudson vehicles in late mid-1930s ...

^ i-dea archives (14 january 2006), 76 f1イン・ジャパン (1976 f1 world championship in japan), auto sport archives 日本の名レース100選 (the 100 best races in japan) (in japanese), vol. 001, san-eishobo publishing co., ltd., p. 77, isbn 978-4-7796-0007-4, archived original on 13 december 2010, retrieved 16 december 2010  ^ motorsport competition results: 1976 f1 world championship in japan (in japanese). japan automobile federation. retrieved 17 december 2010.  ^ archive: 1976 f1 world championship in japan (in japanese). nikkan sports news. 25 october 1976. retrieved 17 december 2010. 

francis of assisi, little flowers (fioretti), london, 2012. limovia.net isbn 978-1-78336-013-0 saint francis of assisi, written , illustrated demi, wisdom tales, 2012, isbn 978-1-937786-04-5 francis of assisi: new biography, augustine thompson, o.p., cornell university press, 2012, isbn 978-080145-070-9 francis of assisi in sources , writings, robert rusconi , translated nancy celaschi, franciscan institute publications, 2008. isbn 978-1-57659-152-9 the stigmata of francis of assisi, franciscan institute publications, 2006. isbn 978-1-57659-140-6 francis of assisi – message in writings, thaddee matura, franciscan institute publications, 1997. isbn 978-1-57659-127-7 saint francis of assisi, john r. h. moorman, franciscan institute publications, 1987. isbn 978-0-8199-0904-6 first encounter francis of assisi, damien vorreux , translated paul lachance, franciscan institute publications, 1979. isbn 978-0-8199-0698-4 st. francis of assisi, raoul mansell...

northern saw-whet owls have been studied in park. cherry springs state park , surrounding susquehannock state forest have recovered clearcutting of lumber era. however, composition of forests has changed, there more hardwoods, including sugar maple , black cherry, , fewer eastern white pine , eastern hemlock. park has apple trees ccc orchard. on 400 species of birds have been found in pennsylvania, including 186 that breed in state. birds such ospreys, hawks, owls, nightjars, , bald eagles have returned park , state forest, , saw-whet owls have been studied in park. some animals had been locally extinct have returned or been reintroduced area, including white-tailed deer, elk, fishers (a type of weasel), , otters. although banned in park, hunting allowed in surrounding state forest, regained title sportsmen s paradise in 20th century. game species include black bears, white-tailed deer, ducks, ruffed grouse, rabbits, gray , red squirrels, , wild turkeys. other animals presen...

preformed thermoplastic markings ready applied road surface blow torch in brussels, belgium preformed thermoplastic pavement markings (sometime called tape , not confused preformed polymer tape) thermoplastic cut final shapes manufacturers , ready position onto asphalt or concrete pavement surface. preformed thermoplastics put place on road surface , applied using propane heat torch. models require heating road surface prior placement of preformed thermoplastics. these markings used because of durability , cost-effective service life. since plastics melted surface, not damaged snowplows. typically, preformed thermoplastic markings can last 3 6 years. common applications of preformed thermoplastic pavement markings found @ intersections transverse markings such stop lines, legends, crosswalks, arrows, bike lane symbols, , accessibility symbols.

1 controversies 1.1 homosexuality 1.2 yusuf al-qaradawi 1.3 niqab controversies homosexuality in 2008 council met protest alleged refusal take stance against death penalty homosexuality, instead deferring matter european fatwa council (ecfr). council s leader, senaid kobilica, stressed personal opposition death penalty, acknowledged may interpret islamic texts differently. homosexual , lesbian activist groups protested against council s refusal deplore death penalty. yusuf al-qaradawi the islamic council norway criticised in 2009 when, according sources, refused distance or comment on leader of european council fatwa , research (ecfr), yusuf al-qaradawi, after praised holocaust divine punishment jews. however, council s leader did in fact issue statement al-qaradawis praise of holocaust deemed unacceptable , , promised council pursue matter through membership in ecfr. niqab in march 2017 irn hired leyla hasic, woman wears face-covering veil niqab work communication , bridge builder...

king saud , john kennedy 1962 in late 1950s, king saud, eldest son of king abdulaziz, came power after father s death. during saud s time u.s.–saudi relations had faced many obstacles concerning anti-communism strategy. president dwight d. eisenhower s new anti-soviet alliance combined of kingdom s regional rivals , foes , heightened saudi suspicions. reason, in october 1955, saud had joined pro-soviet strategy egyptian president gamal abdel nasser. furthermore, saud dismissed u.s. forces , replaced them egyptian forces. thus, act had sparked , innovated new , large conflict in relationship. in 1956, during suez crisis, saud began cooperate u.s. again after eisenhower s opposition of israeli, british, , french plan seize canal. eisenhower opposed plan because of anti-soviet purposes, king saud had admired act , decided start cooperating u.s. result, egyptian power declined while us-saudi relations simultaneously improving.

set-up antennogram the technique applied in screening of insect pheromones examining responses fractions of compound mixture separated using chromatography. usually, wire inserted antenna thin silver wire chlorided in bleach. older practice. commonly, tungsten wires have been chemically sharpened inserted single neuron in antenna. further detailed examination of odor response @ olfactory sensory level can done sensilla recording.

143 184-0 near unkel beginning in 1976, deutsche reichsbahn of gdr recommenced railway electrification efforts in wake of 1973 oil crisis, had affected eastern bloc countries. prior this, deutsche reichsbahn had acquired russian-built diesel locomotives, such class 120 , dr class 130 family, soviet union had been providing gdr inexpensive heavy oil , diesel fuel. veb lokomotivbau und elektrotechnische werke hennigsdorf, manufacturer of electric locomotives left in gdr, subsequently ordered develop modern lightweight, eight-wheel electric locomotive both passenger , medium freight services, based on heavy dr class 250 co co freight locomotives. bodywork , other mechanical components developed , built @ lew s hennigsdorf works, while traction motors , other electric equipment manufactured emw dresden , various other producers. the prototype new locomotive type designated 212 001. built in 1982 , first presented @ leipzig trade fair year. built, locomotive capable of maximum speed of...

1 professional career 1.1 pre-draft 1.2 carolina panthers 1.3 green bay packers 1.4 dallas cowboys 1.5 houston texans professional career pre-draft prior draft, reported stenavich struggled speed pass-rushers , possibly move inside guard @ professional level. carolina panthers after completing career @ university of michigan, stenavich not selected in 2006 nfl draft. within hours of draft, stenavich signed carolina panthers. after pre-season training, stenavich released. green bay packers stenavich signed green bay packers practice squad during 2006-2007 season. re-signed packers reserve/future free agent, jan. 1, 2007. packers designated stenavich eligible play in nfl europa in 2007 , drafted in first round amsterdam admirals. returned packers following nfl europe season, released part of team s final roster cuts before 2007-2008 season. dallas cowboys on may 14, 2008, stenavich signed dallas cowboys. released on august 29 allow guard larry allen re-sign , retire cowboy. houston texan...

1 biography 1.1 life 1.2 chicago 1.3 hollywood 1.4 military career 1.5 later life biography early life markey born in michigan in year 1895. father, eugene lawrence markey, colonel in united states army. uncle, daniel p. markey, had been speaker of michigan house of representatives. graduated dartmouth college in 1918. chicago he skilled sketch artist, gained him entry, after world war i, art institute of chicago starting in 1919 , finishing in 1920. there, claimed have studied painting , learned nothing . after that, worked journalist in chicago several newspapers , magazines, including photoplay magazine. during 1920s gene markey first became writer, specializing in novels jazz age. among titles anabel; stepping high; women, women, everywhere; , majesty s pyjamas. book literary lights (march 1923, alfred a. knopf, new york) collection of fifty of america s important literary authors of day. sketched each caricature. hollywood he went hollywood in 1929 , became screenwriter twentie...

larcher de brito @ 2012 fed cup in israel this followed participation in fed cup in february. after straight sets-loss elena baltacha, portugal s overall 3–0 loss great britain, larcher de brito, 99 places lower israeli opponent shahar pe er, played solid baseline game , capitalised on israeli s errors register straight set-thrashing of home favourite. beat michaëlla krajicek , dia evtimova portugal achieve fifth place in europe/africa group. after that, @ $25,000 itf event in surprise, arizona, larcher de brito won third career title, defeating world number 172 claire feuerstein in final. in april, playing in qualifying phase @ charleston, larcher de brito won in first qualifying round alexandra stevenson. in second round, lost karolína plíšková. week later, @ $25,000 itf event in pelham, larcher de brito lost edina gallovits-hall in semifinals, after defeating julia boserup in first round , young australian sacha jones in quarterfinals. in may, playing in qualifying phase @ brussels,...

hubbert s upper-bound prediction crude oil production (1956), , actual lower-48 states production through 2014 hubbert, in 1956 paper, presented 2 scenarios crude oil production: most estimate: logistic curve logistic growth rate equal 6%, ultimate resource equal 150 giga-barrels (gb) , peak in 1965. size of ultimate resource taken synthesis of estimates well-known oil geologists , geological survey, hubbert judged case. upper-bound estimate: logistic curve logistic growth rate equal 6% , ultimate resource equal 200 giga-barrels , peak in 1970. hubbert s upper-bound estimate, regarded optimistic, accurately predicted oil production peak in 1970, although actual peak 17% higher hubbert s curve. production declined, hubbert had predicted, , stayed within 10 percent of hubbert s predicted value 1974 through 1994; since then, actual production has been greater hubbert curve. development of new technologies has provided access large quantities of unconventional resources, , boost of product...

pasir ris beach in proximity sea, pasir ris has several recreation areas ntuc downtown east, have facilities chalets, theme parks, bowling alley, park pets , pet owners , pasir ris park. there park name of pasir ris town park, close shopping centre white sands located. park sports park connector, playground, eatery , fishing pond , section of park has been removed build sports , recreation centre facilities such swimming pool, sports hall used badminton, street soccer court , gym. bowling alley building in downtown east has been demolished make way new four-storey shopping , entertainment complex cinema has been completed in 2008 called e!hub. e!hub includes new bowling alley, replaces old one. area includes water-based theme park , no longer operational theme park . escape theme park opened in 2000 closed down in 2011 , wild wild wet water-based theme park opened in 2004. current site of former escape theme park utilized expansion of wild wild wet.

1 mechanism 1.1 orbital changes 1.2 locking of larger body 1.3 rotation–orbit resonance mechanism if tidal bulges on body (green) misaligned major axis (red), tidal forces (blue) exert net torque on body twists body toward direction of realignment the change in rotation rate necessary tidally lock body b larger body caused torque applied s gravity on bulges has induced on b tidal forces. the gravity of body produces tidal force on b distorts gravitational equilibrium shape becomes elongated along axis oriented toward a, , conversely, reduced in dimension in directions orthogonal axis. these distortions known tidal bulges. when b not yet tidally locked, bulges travel on surface, 1 of 2 high tidal bulges traveling close point body overhead. large astronomical bodies spherical due self-gravitation, tidal distortion produces prolate spheroid, i.e. axially symmetric ellipsoid elongated along major axis. smaller bodies experience distortion, distortion less regular. the material of b exert...

1 state basic education funding 1.1 accountability block grants 1.2 education assistance grant 1.3 classrooms future grant state basic education funding for 2010-11 school year, state basic education funding hanover area school district increased 2.66% total of $7,468,682. highest increase in luzerne county awarded hazleton area school district @ 12,61%. sixteen pennsylvania school districts received increase on 10%. 1 hundred fifty pennsylvania school districts received base 2% increase. among pennsylvania school districts, highest increase in 2010-11 went kennett consolidated school district in chester county received 23.65% increase in state funding. amount of increase each school district receives determined governor , secretary of education through allocation set in state budget proposal made in february each year. for 2009-2010 budget year commonwealth of pennsylvania provided 8.37% increase in basic education funding hanover area school district total of $7,275,177. state basic ...

bengal tiger project tiger s main aim to: limit factors leads reduction of tiger habitats , mitigate them suitable management. damages done habitat rectified facilitate recovery of ecosystem maximum possible extent. to ensure viable population of tigers economic, scientific, cultural, aesthetic , ecological values. tiger hunt rufus isaacs, former viceroy of british india the indian tiger population @ turn of 20th century estimated @ 20,000 40,000 individuals. first country-wide tiger census conducted in 1972 estimated population comprise little more 1,800 individuals, reduction in tiger population. in 1973, project launched in corbett national park of uttarakhand.

1 reign (1789–1797) 1.1 war lotf ali khan, family disputes, , first invasion of azerbaijan 1.1.1 first attack on shiraz , dispute jafar qoli khan qajar 1.1.2 invasion of azerbaijan 1.1.2.1 conquest of fars 1.2 final conquest of azerbaijan 1.3 reconquest of georgia , rest of caucasus 1.4 coronation 1.5 conquest of khorasan 1.5.1 torture of shahrokh shah 1.6 rest of reign 1.7 assassination reign (1789–1797) war lotf ali khan, family disputes, , first invasion of azerbaijan first attack on shiraz , dispute jafar qoli khan qajar now zand dynasty no longer under rule of jafar khan zand, agha mohammad khan saw opportunity capture shiraz once , all. marched towards city, , neared it, attacked lotf ali khan. battle fought on 25 june 1789, ended in lotf ali khan withdrawing shiraz while agha mohammad khan followed him , besieged city. siege lasted until 7 september. set encampment , returned tehran, stayed until end of ensuing nowruz. on 17 may 1790, agha mohammad khan once again marched toward...

map of northern iran. agha mohammad khan took him group of loyal followers , left tehran. meanwhile, in shiraz, people fighting among themselves. in tehran, agha mohammad khan met main chieftains of develu clan, whom made peace with. visited shrine of shah abd al-azim, father s skull kept. travelled mazandaran province, first task set suzerainty among qoyunlu brothers. resulted in clash brothers reza qoli , morteza qoli, whom defeated on 2 april, conquering mazandaran. meanwhile, morteza qoli fled astarabad, fortified himself. agha mohammad khan not storm city, since starting war morteza qoli mean frail alliance develu fall apart—morteza qoli s mother develu. @ same time, zand prince ali-morad khan zand sent army of zand , afghan troops under azad khan afghan s son mahmud khan mazandaran, agha mohammad khan s brother jafar qoli khan managed repel. agha mohammad khan, hossein qoli khan s sons fath-ali qoli , hosayn qoli, in firm position in babol, capital of mazandaran. some time later,...

elisabeth sladen approached return doctor sarah jane smith transition between tom baker , peter davison, resisted offer. following outcry after k-9 removed show, producer john nathan-turner proposed spin-off featuring 2 characters. single episode, girl s best friend , produced pilot proposed series, , broadcast bbc1 christmas special on 28 december 1981, series not taken up. basic premise of series centered on sarah jane smith reused in sarah jane smith audio series , in sarah jane adventures on 25 years later.

a pig, transgenic generations of might used produce blood substitutes use in humans. recombinant dna techniques have been employed create transgenic farm animals can produce pharmaceutical products use in humans. instance, pigs produce human hemoglobin have been created. while blood such pigs not employed directly transfusion humans, hemoglobin refined , employed manufacture blood substitute.

1 player seasonal records 1.1 top scorers 1.2 disciplinary record 1.3 appearances , goals player seasonal records competitive matches only. updated games played 24 march 2012. top scorers source: competitive matches disciplinary record includes competitive matches. players 1 card or more included only. sources: prva-hnl.hr, uefa.com appearances , goals sources: prva-hnl.hr, uefa.com

1 central africa 1.1 mandara people 1.2 toubou people 1.3 zaghawa people central africa mandara people the mandara people central african muslim ethnic group found in north cameroon, northeastern nigeria, , southeastern chad. have lived in mountainous region , valleys north of benue river in cameroon, converted islam sometime around 16th century, , have long been part of mandara sultanate. the mandara society developed socially stratified system, sultan , royalty, farmers, horse breeders, artisans, iron workers , smiths forming distinct endogamous occupation-inheriting castes. caste system among mandara people integrated concept strata have innate pollution , therefore stigmatized, there no evidence islamic belief integrated differences between socially differentiated castes in society have been divinely sanctioned. mandara people featured endogamous slave strata. toubou people the toubou people islamic ethnic group inhabiting northern chad, southern libya, northeastern niger, , northw...

non-professional rescuer professional rescuer macpherson v. buick motor co. martin v. herzog, 228 n y. 164, 126 n.e. 814 (1920) tedla v. ellman, 280 n.y. 124, 19 n.e. 2d 987, (1939) on negligence per se, or violation of duty under statute seong sil kim v. new york city transit authority, duty of care person may have been attempting suicide.

mwai kibaki , mrs. kibaki u.s. president george w. bush , laura bush @ white house during state visit in 2003. president kibaki married lucy muthoni 1961 until death in 2016. have 4 children: judy wanjiku, jimmy kibaki, david kagai, , tony githinji. have 4 grandchildren: joy jamie marie, mwai junior, krystinaa muthoni. jimmy kibaki did have, far unsuccessful, designs father s political heir. in 2004, media reported kibaki has second spouse, whom allegedly married under customary law, mary wambui, , daughter, wangui mwai. state house in response released unsigned statement kibaki s immediate family @ time wife, lucy, , 4 children. in 2009, kibaki, lucy in close attendance, held odd press conference re-state publicly has 1 wife. matter of kibaki s alleged mistress, , wife s dramatic public reactions thereto, provided embarrassing side-show during presidency, washington post terming entire scandal new kenyan soap opera . ms. wambui, rather popular other woman , enjoyed state trappings o...

heraldic flag used trujillo generalissimo of armies in 1936, @ suggestion of mario fermín cabral, congress voted overwhelmingly change name of capital santo domingo ciudad trujillo. province of san cristobal changed trujillo , , nation s highest peak, pico duarte, renamed pico trujillo. statues of el jefe mass-produced , erected across republic, , bridges , public buildings named in honor. nation s newspapers had praise trujillo part of front page, , license plates included slogans such ¡viva trujillo! , año del benefactor de la patria (year of benefactor of nation.) electric sign erected in ciudad trujillo dios y trujillo seen @ night in day. eventually, churches required post slogan dios en cielo, trujillo en tierra (god in heaven, trujillo on earth). time went on, order of phrases reversed (trujillo on earth, god in heaven). trujillo recommended nobel peace prize admirers, committee declined suggestion. era de trujillo sign: in household, trujillo national symbol trujill...

hunyadi castle the castle known both name corvin s castle , hunyadi castle . hunyadi more internationally recognized name same family, corvins being used romanians. the impressive size , architectural beauty sets among impressive monuments of medieval art, subsequent developments added gothic , renaissance , baroque. building lies on rock around flows zlaști river. has impressive draw bridge, countless towers, number of interior courts, , 2 large halls, knight hall , diet hall , housed diet of transylvania short period. the castle history related hunyadi family, being place john hunyadi spent childhood. today castle being cared municipality, there no recorded descendants of hunyadi pledge it. vlad dracul, ruler of wallachia, father of notorious vlad dracula, imprisoned here, had fallen disgrace hunyadi, not providing promised.(dracula, had once been traded hostage ottomans own father, later became protégé of hunyadi, , took on wallachia shortly before mentor s death of fever). ...