Official bilingualism Languages of Canada

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1 official bilingualism

1.1 language policy of federal government
1.2 language policies of canada s provinces , territories

1.2.1 officially bilingual or multilingual: new brunswick , 3 territories
1.2.2 officially french-only: quebec
1.2.3 de facto english only, or limited french-language services: other 8 provinces







official bilingualism

language policy of federal government

a bilingual sign in montreal


english , french have equal status in federal courts, parliament of canada, , in federal institutions.


the public has right, there sufficient demand, receive federal government services in either english or french. immigrants applying canadian citizenship must able speak either english or french.


the principles of bilingualism in canada protected in sections 16 23 of canadian charter of rights , freedoms of 1982 establishes that:



french , english equal each other federal official languages;
debate in parliament may take place in either official language;
federal laws shall printed in both official languages, equal authority;
anyone may deal court established parliament, in either official language;
everyone has right receive services federal government in or choice of official language;
members of minority language group of 1 of official languages if learned , still understood (i.e., french speakers in majority english-speaking province, or vice versa) or received primary school education in language has right have children receive public education in language, numbers warrant.

canada s official languages act, first adopted in 1969 , updated in 1988, gives english , french equal status throughout federal institutions.


language policies of canada s provinces , territories

officially bilingual or multilingual: new brunswick , 3 territories

new brunswick , canada s 3 territories have given official status more 1 language. in case of new brunswick, means perfect equality. in other cases, recognition amounts formal recognition of official languages, limited services in official languages other english.


the official languages are:



new brunswick: english , french. new brunswick has been officially bilingual since 1960s. province s officially bilingual status has been entrenched in canadian charter of rights , freedoms since 1980s.
northwest territories: chipewyan, cree, english, french, gwich’in, inuinnaqtun, inuktitut, inuvialuktun, north slavey, slavey language , tłįchǫ or dogrib.
nunavut: english, inuit language (inuktitut, inuinnaqtun) , french.
yukon: english , french.

officially french-only: quebec

until 1969, quebec officially bilingual province in canada , public institutions functioned in both languages. english used in legislature, government commissions , courts. adoption of charter of french language (also known bill 101 ) quebec s national assembly in august 1977, however, french became quebec s sole official language. however, charter of french language enumerates defined set of language rights english language , aboriginal languages, , government services available, citizens , in regions, in english. well, series of court decisions have forced quebec government increase english-language services beyond provided under original terms of charter of french language. regional institutions in nunavik region of northern quebec offer services in inuktitut , cree.


de facto english only, or limited french-language services: other 8 provinces

most provinces have laws make either english or both english , french official language(s) of legislature , courts may have separate policies in regards education , bureaucracy.


for example, in alberta, english , french both official languages of debate in legislative assembly, laws drafted solely in english , there no legal requirement translated french. french can used in lower courts , education offered in both languages, bureaucracy functions solely in english. therefore, although alberta not officially english-only province, english has higher de facto status french. ontario , manitoba similar allow more services in french @ local level.








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