History of the Feast The Feast of All Saints of Russia

1 history of feast

1.1 origins
1.2 macarius counsils
1.3 after macarius counsil
1.4 forgetfulness
1.5 resumption of holiday @ local counsil
1.6 soviet era

history of feast
origins

metropolitan macarius of moscow

in 1528–1529 nephew of st joseph of volokolamsk monk dositheus toporkov during work on fix of sinai patericon lamented in afterword although russian land , has many holy men , women, worthy of veneration , glorification as eastern saints of first centuries of christianity, because of our negligence, [they are] left without proper attention , not recorded in written works, [of them] ourselves know (11, 74, 12, 275). dositheus performed work blessing of archbishop macarius of novgorod (later metropolitan of moscow , rus).

the main merit of st. macarius long, painstaking , hard work on collection , systematization of hagiographic, hymnographic , homiletic heritage orthodox russia, known @ time. more 12 years, since 1529 1541, st. macarius , assistants worked on twelve-drawing collection, went down in history under name of great macarius menaion reader (Великие Макарьевские Четьи Минеи). collection includes lives of many russian saints, revered in different parts of rus, did not have general church glorification. publication of new compendium, compiled on calendar basis, , contains biographies of many russian ascetics, accelerated process of preparation of first praise widespread veneration of host of saints in history of russian orthodox church.

macarius counsils

in 1547 , 1549 years, st macarius, become metropolitan of rus, convene in moscow 2 councils, known under name macarius counsils; both ones decided 1 question: glorification of russian saints. firstly, issue has been resolved on principle of canonization future: establishing church-wide memory of sints became subject judgment of whole church. main act of solemn celebration of 30 (or 31) new saints: 18 church-wide , 9 locally venerated saints.

at council in 1547 canonized:

for local veneration @ council glorified:

council 1549, details of survived less, allegedly glorified following saints:

finally, main act of councils, in addition roll-glorification of russian saints, establish date of shared memory of new russian miracle workers , earlier revered saints of russian church have made host of fixtures. members of council in 1547 formulated decision: have established celebrate new miracle workers, lord glorified them, pleasers, number of , various signs , wonders, there not conciliar chanting in honor until day .

after macarius counsil

all russian saints holiday first established on 17 july next day memory of st. prince vladimir (july 15). later, however, date of celebration of memory of russian saints changed several times. accomplished in first sunday on st. elijah day, , in 1 of weekdays of days before sunday of saints.

very after moscow macarius councils in russia there lot of lives of russian saints, or new versions, service, words of praise, begin intense written icons russian saints, build temple in honor, discoveries made relics of russian saints . establishment of holiday in honor of russian saints , writing required service of holiday. difficult task accomplished monk gregory of st. euthymius monastery in suzdal, left behind total of 14 agiological works individual saints , summary of work of russian saints . lists of service , eulogy russian saints used in 16th century. however, in printed form published first time in first half of 18th century. (24, 296).

forgetfulness

generally, after great spiritual ascent in russian society, caused moscow council in 1547 , 1549, end of 16th century feast of russian saints became forgotten , celebrated in parts of russia. trend in 17th century began grow, , throughout synodal period, veneration of feast of russian saints in russian church consigned oblivion , preserved in old believers.

july 20, 1908 peasant nikolai osipovich gazukin, lived in of sudogda county of vladimir governorate, sent holy synod of petition establishment of annual celebration of russian saints, celebrated since beginning of russia request honor day specially composed church service . application shortly rejected synodal definition on grounds existing feast of saints includes memory of russian saints.

resumption of holiday @ local counsil

botis turaev

the merit restore , honoring memory of day of russian saints belong professor of petrograd university boris turaev , hieromonk athanasius (sakharov). both members of all-russian local counsil, held in 1917-1918.

march 15, 1918 boris turaev, @ meeting of division of worship, preaching , church, introduced report counsil, where, in particular, notes in our sorrowful times, when single russia became broken when our sinful generation trampled fruit feats of saints worked in caves of kiev , in moscow, , in thebaid of north, , western russia on creation of unified russian orthodox church, seem s time restore forgotten holiday, reminds , our rejected brothers generation generation unified orthodox russian church, , let him small tribute our sinful generation, , small atonement of our sins .

august 20, 1918 turaev s report reviewed council, , finally, on august 26, on saint s day of holiness patriarch tikhon, made historic decree: 1. rebound existed in russian church, celebration of memory of day of saints russian. 2. celebration of takes place in first sunday of peter s fast .

council decided publish revised , expanded service of monk gregory @ end of color triodion. hurry involved in work, boris turaev , hieromonk athanasius came conclusion borrow of monk gregory service can small part, whereas else needed remake: partly composing of entirely new hymns (this work has assumed boris turaev) partly select characteristic , best of existing prayer books, individual services russian saints (this job did monk athanasius).

turaev , hieromonk athanasius wish push through counsil, service, long consil closed. therefore, september 8, 1918, @ penultimate meeting of liturgical department of local council, incomplete new service has been reviewed, approved , transferred subsequent approval of patriarch , holy synod.

soviet era

bishop athanasius (sakharov)

november 18, after close of local council, patriarch tikhon , holy synod blessed new printing services under supervision of metropolitan sergius (stragorodsky) of vladimir, carried out before end of 1918 in moscow great difficulty. finally, on december 13 of same year, diocesan bishops sent decree restoring memory of day of russian saints, , june 16, 1919 , sent typographically printed text indicating service make nearest sunday after receiving.

printing service 1918 dispersed hands of participants of council ... , not widespread, becoming rarity in short time, , hand-written lists (with it) few churches, , others not have it.

boris turaev, willing continue work on additions , corrections hastily composed service died july 23, 1920, , heiromonk athanasius, became archimandrite in 1920 , bishop in 1921, did not dare take on such responsible work alone.

in autumn 1922 bishop athanasius during first arrest in 17th chamber of vladimir prison, met number of 1 mind him admirers restored holiday. bishop athanasius gave names of 11 people: archbishop nicander (fenomenov) of krutitsy, archbishop thaddeus (uspensky) of astrakhan, bishop cornelius (sobolev) of vyazniki, bishop basil (summer) of suzdal , others.

according bishop athanasius, council oа prisoners after numerous lively discussions holiday, service, icon of temple in name of holiday put beginning of new revision, rectification , additions of service, published in 1918, suggested desirability complement service make not 2nd week after pentecost, on request , @ different time, , not on sunday . , in near future service has undergone several changes: hymns swapped, there new, dedicated saints, not mentioned in service in 1918.

finally, there, in prison, november 10, 1922, day of repose of st demetrius of rostov, first time celebration has been made russian saints, not on sunday , according remediation services.

march 1, 1923 @ 121st solitary confinement taganka prison, bishop athanasius made consecration stowed antimension in honor of russian saints secret church.

the above developments have further strengthened athanasius in mind service russian saints, approved 1917-1918 council, need supplemented further. @ same time appeared idea of desirability , necessity of establishment day common celebration of russian saints, in excess one, established of council .

the time of commission of second celebration of russian saints athanasius nominated on july 29 - day after commemoration of holy equal apostles prince vladimir, baptist of russia. in case, feast of our equal-to-apostle forefeast holiday of saints, blossoming in land in saving seeds of orthodox faith . athanasius suggested next day after holiday remember polyonymous host, though not glorified church honoring, great , marvelous ascetics , saints, builders of holy russia , variety of figures of church , state , thereby, second celebration of russian saints solemnly committed in whole russian church 3 days.

it in 1946 published service saints in shone forth in russian land , published moscow patriarchate, , began widespread celebration of memory of russian saints in our church. nevertheless, after-holiday service printing, work on correction , complement has not ended. author of chants, bishop athanasius, continued work on service until blessed repose, followed in 1962.