Upanishads Atharvaveda

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1 upanishads

1.1 mundaka upanishad
1.2 mandukya upanishad
1.3 prashna upanishad





upanishads

the atharvaveda has 3 primary upanishads embedded within it.


mundaka upanishad

the mundaka upanishad, embedded inside atharvaveda, poetic-style upanishad, 64 verses, written in form of mantras. however, these mantras not used in rituals, rather used teaching , meditation on spiritual knowledge. in ancient , medieval era indian literature , commentaries, mundaka upanishad referred 1 of mantra upanishads.


the mundaka upanishad contains 3 mundakams (parts), each 2 sections. first mundakam, states roer, defines science of higher knowledge , lower knowledge , , asserts acts of oblations , pious gifts foolish, , nothing reduce unhappiness in current life or next, rather knowledge frees. second mundakam describes nature of brahman, atman (self, soul), , path know brahman. third mundakam continues discussion , asserts state of knowing brahman 1 of freedom, fearlessness, liberation , bliss. mundaka upanishad 1 of text discuss pantheism theory in hindu scriptures. text, other upanishads, discusses ethics.



through continuous pursuit of satya (truthfulness), tapas (perseverance, austerity), samyajñāna (correct knowledge), , brahmacharya, 1 attains atman (self, soul).




mandukya upanishad

the mandukya upanishad shortest of upanishads, found in atharvaveda text. text discusses syllable om, presents theory of 4 states of consciousness, asserts existence , nature of atman (soul, self).


the mandukya upanishad notable inspiring gaudapada s karika, classic vedanta school of hinduism. mandukya upanishad among oft cited texts on chronology , philosophical relationship between hinduism , buddhism.


prashna upanishad

the prashna upanishad paippalada school of atharvavedins.


the text contains 6 prashna (questions), , each chapter discussion of answers. first 3 questions profound metaphysical questions but, states eduard roer, not contain defined, philosophical answers, embellished mythology , symbolism. fourth section, in contrast, contains substantial philosophy. last 2 sections discuss symbol om , moksha concept.


the prashna upanishad notable structure , sociological insights education process in ancient india.








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