Ratification by the states Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution

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to become valid part of constitution, twenty-third amendment needed ratified legislatures of three-quarters of states (38, following admission of alaska , hawaii union in 1959) within 7 years submission states congress (june 16, 1967). president eisenhower, along both major party candidates in 1960 presidential election, vice-president richard nixon , senator john f. kennedy, endorsed proposal. amendment supporters ran effective ratification campaign, mobilizing persons in every state press approval.


the following states ratified amendment:



ratification completed on march 29, 1961, 9 months , 12 days after being proposed congress. amendment subsequently ratified following states:



39. new hampshire – march 30, 1961 (date in official notice; preceded ratification on march 29, 1961, 37th state ratify, annulled , repeated later same day.)
40. alabama – april 11, 2002

on april 3, 1961, john l. moore, administrator of general services, certified amendment had been adopted requisite number of states , had become part of constitution.


the amendment rejected arkansas on january 24, 1961. 9 states took no action on amendment: florida, kentucky, mississippi, georgia, south carolina, louisiana, texas, north carolina, , virginia.








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