Pidgins, mixed languages, & trade languages Languages of Canada

1 pidgins, mixed languages, & trade languages

1.1 michif
1.2 basque pidgin
1.3 chinook jargon

pidgins, mixed languages, & trade languages

in canada, elsewhere in world of european colonization, frontier of european exploration , settlement tended linguistically diverse , fluid place, cultures using different languages met , interacted. need common means of communication between indigenous inhabitants , new arrivals purposes of trade , (in cases) intermarriage led development of hybrid languages. these languages tended highly localized, spoken small number of individuals capable of speaking language, , persisted briefly, before being wiped out arrival of large population of permanent settlers, speaking either english or french.

michif

michif (also known mitchif, mechif, michif-cree, métif, métchif, , french cree) mixed language evolved within prairie métis community. based on elements of cree, ojibwa, assiniboine, , french. michif today spoken less 1,000 individuals in saskatchewan, manitoba , north dakota. @ peak, around 1900, michif understood perhaps 3 times number.

basque pidgin

algonquian–basque pidgin pidgin developed in 16th century basque in coastal areas along gulf of saint lawrence , strait of belle isle result of contact between basque whalers , local algonquian peoples.

chinook jargon

in british columbia, yukon , throughout pacific northwest pidgin language known chinook jargon emerged in 19th century combination of chinookan, nootka, chehalis, french , english, smattering of words other languages including hawaiian , spanish. words , expressions remain current in local use, such skookum, tyee, , saltchuck, while few have become part of worldwide english ( high mucketymuck or high muckamuck high-ranking , perhaps self-important official).