Formation Mongolian People's Republic

from 1691 1911, outer mongolia ruled manchu qing dynasty. in first decade of 20th century, qing government began implementing so-called new policies, aimed @ further integration of outer mongolia. upset prospect of colonization akin developments in inner mongolia during 19th century, mongolian aristocracy turned russian empire support. in august 1911, mongol delegation went saint petersburg , obtained pledge of limited support. when returned, xinhai revolution led collapse of qing dynasty had begun. in december 1911 mongols deposed qing amban in ulaanbaatar , declared independence under leadership of 8th jebtsundamba khutuktu, appointed bogd khan of mongolia, breaking away qing dynasty. attempts include inner mongolia new state failed various reasons, including military weakness of inner mongols achieve independence, lack of russian assistance them (russia bound in inner mongolian affairs secret treaties japan), , lack of support inner mongolian aristocrats , higher clergy. in khiagt agreement of 1915, china, russia , mongolia agreed on mongolia s status autonomy under chinese suzerainty.

however, republic of china able use russian revolution , ensuing civil war pretext deploy troops in outer mongolia, , in 1919 mongolian government forced sign treaty abolished mongolia s autonomy. according associated press dispatch, mongol chieftains signed petition asking china retake administration of mongolia , end outer mongolia s autonomy. tusiyetu khan aimak s prince darchin ch in wang supporter of chinese rule while younger brother tsewang supporter of ungern-sternberg. under chinese occupation mongolian people s party founded , once again looked north, time soviet russia, help. in meantime, white russian troops led roman ungern von sternberg had occupied khuree in march 1921, , new theocratic government declared independence china on march 13. mongolian revolution of 1921 broke out , ungern , remaining chinese troops driven out in following months, , on july 6, 1921, mongolian people s party , soviet troops took niislel khuree. people s party founded new government, kept bogd khaan nominal head of state. in following years through violent power struggles, soviet influence got ever stronger, , after bogd khaan s death, mongolian people s republic proclaimed on november 26, 1924. government took control of bogda khan s seal after death according 26 november 1924 constitution of mongolian people s republic.

it proposed zhang zuolin s domain (the chinese 3 eastern provinces ) take outer mongolia under administration bogda khan , bodo in 1922 after pro-soviet mongolian communists seized control of outer mongolia.