Political meaning Mandala

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the rajamandala (or raja-mandala; circle of states) formulated indian author kautilya in work on politics, arthashastra (written between 4th century bce , 2nd century bce). describes circles of friendly , enemy states surrounding king s state.


in historical, social , political sense, term mandala employed denote traditional southeast asian political formations (such federation of kingdoms or vassalized states). adopted 20th century western historians ancient indian political discourse means of avoiding term state in conventional sense. not did southeast asian polities not conform chinese , european views of territorially defined state fixed borders , bureaucratic apparatus, diverged considerably in opposite direction: polity defined centre rather boundaries, , composed of numerous other tributary polities without undergoing administrative integration. empires such bagan, ayutthaya, champa, khmer, srivijaya , majapahit known mandala in sense.








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