Research COde

1 pre-imperial (770–220 bce) 1.1 cowries 1.2 gold 1.3 jade pieces 1.4 money brand 1.5 spade money 1.5.1 hollow handled spade money 1.5.2 flat handled spade money 1.6 knife money 1.7 round coins pre-imperial (770–220 bce) the earliest coinage of china described sima qian, great historian of c. 100 bce: opening of exchange between farmers, artisans, , merchants, there came use money of tortoise shells, cowrie shells, gold, coins (chinese: 錢; pinyin: qián), knives (chinese: 刀; pinyin: dāo), spades (chinese: 布; pinyin: bù) has been remote antiquity. while nothing known use of tortoise shells money, gold , cowries (either real shells or replicas) used south of yellow river. although there no doubt well-known spade , knife money used coins, has not been demonstrated other items offered dealers coins such fish, halberds, , metal chimes used coins. not found in coin hoards, , probability these in fact funerary items. archaeological evidence shows earliest use of spade , knife money in spring ...

an ontology represents knowledge set of concepts within domain , relationships between concepts. knowledge representation , knowledge engineering central ai research. many of problems machines expected solve require extensive knowledge world. among things ai needs represent are: objects, properties, categories , relations between objects; situations, events, states , time; causes , effects; knowledge knowledge (what know other people know); , many other, less researched domains. representation of exists ontology: set of objects, relations, concepts, , properties formally described software agents can interpret them. semantics of these captured description logic concepts, roles, , individuals, , typically implemented classes, properties, , individuals in web ontology language. general ontologies called upper ontologies, attempt provide foundation other knowledge acting mediators between domain ontologies cover specific knowledge particular knowledge domain (field of interest or area o...

example of p. orientalis large, sympodial, deciduous tree, speckled bark sheds in large irregular sheets, leaving smooth surface mottled , pale, persistent bark @ base of trunk, indumentum large glandular hairs, multicellular , uniserrate or short uniserrate ramification (in candelabrum), in stellate fascicles; glandular hairs unicellular, globular capitulum, cuticular waxes without crystalloids, rods , plates leaves variable shapes , nervation, simple, alternate, more or less distichous, isobilateral palmate 3 7 lobes (palmatifid palmatisect) whole edges or glandular teeth (each 1 midvein broadens towards glandular apex, ends in open hole), or penninerved , whole (platanus kerrii), shape common in young, vernal leaves in other species, vernation folded, petiole sheathed, enclosing axillary bud (bud free in p. kerrii), stipules foliose, large, intrapetiolar, tubular, caduceus, in p. kerrii scarious, small, basally fused petiole, domatia present, stomata irregularly anomocytic stems agg...

there 2 types of inhabitants of new genesis. first called gods or new gods (the upper class), race of powerful immortals. gods live in supertown. bugs (the lower class) evolved micro-life spread on planet s surface during gods war. live on planet s surface, in hives or bug mound . there prejudice between these 2 races, many of gods consider bug-people lesser species.

1 see also 1.1 iraq war-related articles 1.2 iraq-related articles 1.3 terrorism , insurgency-related articles 1.4 casualties-related articles see also iraq war-related articles iraq war iraq military operations 2003 current - alphabetical iraq-related articles iraq history of iraq terrorism , insurgency-related articles terrorism iraqi insurgency suicide bombings in iraq since 2003 bombings , terrorist attacks of iraq war terrorist attacks of iraq war casualties-related articles united states casualties of war post-traumatic stress disorder iraq body count project violence against academics in post-invasion iraq

1 tournament records 1.1 fifa u-16 , u-17 world cup record 1.2 caf u-17 championship record 1.3 caf u-16 , u-17 world cup qualifiers record tournament records red border color indicates tournament held on home soil. *draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks.

soling world championship 1971 he won gold medal in world championships soling class in 1971 in oyster bay, ny on boat named adlez built abbott rigging melges. lost buddy melges in 1972 olympic trials (soling class) in san francisco bay. buddy melges went on win gold medal in soling class @ 1972 summer olympics in germany. mosbacher won bronze medal in world championships 5.5 metre class in 1985 @ newport beach. in 1988 won scandinavian gold cup 5.5 metre yachts. he described in stuart h. walker s book advanced racing tactics keenly competitive racer unwilling settle second . mosbacher participated in semi-final match race against ted turner in mallory cup in 1960. on final windward leg, mosbacher ahead. ted turner attempted force mosbacher mistake executing grueling tacking duel. windward leg involved fifty-two tacks. in end, mosbacher won 5 seconds.

the names project aids quilt, representing people have died of aids, in front of washington monument cleve jones played major role in investigation of riots, , had since become prominent activist. dropped out of school work legislative consultant california state assembly speakers leo mccarthy , willie brown. spent time organizing political campaigns. in 1981, while working consultant california state assembly health committee, became aware of gay men in san francisco contracting unusual diseases, such kaposi s sarcoma. gay community affected aids epidemic, , jones became key aids activist. jones co-founded kaposi s sarcoma research & education foundation, in 1982 became san francisco aids foundation. on november 27, 1985, @ candlelight vigil on anniversary of moscone-milk assassinations, jones learned 1,000 people had died of aids. proposed creation of quilt, in remembrance of had died. in 1987, jones, hiv-positive himself, launched names project aids memorial quilt. of 2009, quil...

scenes of christ s passion triptych georgios klontzas (the right wing lost) apart el greco, famous cretan artists during century theophanis strelitzas (Θεοφάνης Στρελίτζας), known theophanes cretan, michael damaskenos (Μιχαήλ Δαμασκηνός), , georgios klontzas (Γεώργιος Κλόντζας). various members of lambardos family significant artists. fortunately art historians, many cretan painters adopted practice, perhaps western painters, of signing work, not traditional byzantine practice. theophanes cretan relatively conservative cretan artist, first dated work 1527, , of known works done on mainland or smaller islands. important greek wall painter of day, incorporating western iconographic , stylistic elements, remaining byzantine in spirit. the intellectual , artistic personality of young el greco formed in artistic environment. in 1563, @ age of twenty-two, el greco described in document master ( maestro domenigo ), meaning enrolled master of local guild, presumably in charge of own workshop...

haus der kunst in 2009 in autumn of 1933, commissioned rebuild , refurnish hitler s dwellings in reich chancellery in berlin. along other architects ludwig ruff, troost planned , built state , municipal edifices throughout country, including new administrative offices, social buildings workers , bridges across main highways. 1 of many structures planned before death haus der kunst (house of german art) in munich, modeled on schinkel s altes museum in berlin , intended great temple true, eternal art of german people . example of imitation of classical forms in monumental public buildings during third reich, though subsequently hitler moved away more restrained style of troost, reverting more elaborate imperial grandeur had admired in 19th century vienna ring road (ringstraße) boulevard of youth. hitler s relationship troost of pupil admired teacher. according albert speer, later became hitler s favorite architect, führer impatiently greet troost words: can t wait, herr professor. ther...

lowry in bullpen following september call-up in 2003, lowry enjoyed successful partial rookie year giants in 2004, going 6-0, , finishing 3.82 era in fourteen starts. named national league s player of week week of august 9. victory start off 2005 season, lowry began career 7-0 record, longest winning streak pitcher in san francisco giants history (and second longest in giants franchise history, behind hooks wiltse s 12-0 start in 1904). lowry got eighteen starts before 2005 major league baseball all-star game , compiled 2.43 era after break. best month came in august, when went 5-0 0.69 era, earning him pitcher of month honors. finished season 13-13 record, 3.78 era, , 172 strikeouts in 204⅔ innings. prior 2006 season, giants signed lowry four-year deal option fifth year, valued @ $9.25 million. @ time, second largest contract pitcher 1 full season of big league service. lowry received $1 million signing bonus , $385,000 salary 2006. contract guaranteed him totals of $1.115 million 200...

per capita thyroid doses in continental united states of iodine-131 resulting exposure routes atmospheric nuclear tests conducted @ nevada test site. see downwinders. at least 3 isotopes of iodine important. i, (radioiodine) , i. open air nuclear testing , chernobyl disaster both released iodine-131. the short-lived isotopes of iodine particularly harmful because thyroid collects , concentrates iodide – radioactive stable. absorption of radioiodine can lead acute, chronic, , delayed effects. acute effects high doses include thyroiditis, while chronic , delayed effects include hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules, , thyroid cancer. has been shown active iodine released chernobyl , mayak has resulted in increase in incidence of thyroid cancer in former soviet union. one measure protects against risk radio-iodine taking dose of potassium iodide (ki) before exposure radioiodine. non-radioactive iodide saturates thyroid, causing less of radioiodine stored in body. administering potassium iodid...

^ cite error: named reference pravoslavie invoked never defined (see page). ^ cite error: named reference mospat invoked never defined (see page). ^ (in russian) 22 сентября по старому стилю / 5 октября по новому стилю. Русская Православная Церковь - Православный церковный календарь на 2016 год. ^ (in russian) ВЕНИАМИН. Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (orthodox encyclopedia - pravenc.ru). cite error: there <ref group=note> tags on page, references not show without {{reflist|group=note}} template (see page).

interior of cathedral @ holy trinity monastery hieromonk panteleimon (nizhnik), after spending ten years @ st. tikhon’s orthodox monastery near south canaan, pennsylvania, wanted live more rigorous monastic life. moreover, after 1926 split between rocor , group later become orthodox church in america, wanted stay church abroad. shared desire ivan kolos, local choir director living @ monastery. decided find place live “genuine monk’s life.” traveled herkimer county in upstate new york, bought starkweather farm near jordanville $25 down payment. in order pay off mortgage, panteleimon worked @ sikorsky airplane factory in stratford, connecticut wing mechanic, while kolos remained @ parish. in spring after pascha in 1930, fr. panteleimon moved onto property, while ivan kolos , monk st. tikhon’s, fr. james (mosheruk), worked @ sikorsky factory until land paid off , go jordanville. life hard: lived in small building, kept horse , cow, , instead of stove used hot stones cook food. in addition...

type u (1913), 4 cylinders, 3014 cc, 15 hp 14/16 1905 type m 1907 type n 1907 type p 1910 type u 15cv 1913 type uu 1919 type u 12cv 1920 type tt 1922 3-litre 1922 10/15cv 1924 12/25cv 1924 22cv straight 8 1924 14cv 1929 y6 1929 8cv 1931 super aigle 4 1934 aiglon 1934 aigle 4s 1934 aigle 8 1934 aigle 20 1938 aigle 22 1938

remains of darwin post office after first japanese raid in 1942 remains of palmerston town hall, destroyed cyclone tracy lyons cottage, c. 1925, office of british australian telegraph company darwin became city s official name in 1911. the period between 1911 , 1919 filled political turmoil, particularly trade union unrest, culminated on 17 december 1918. led harold nelson, 1000 demonstrators marched government house @ liberty square in darwin burnt effigy of administrator of northern territory john gilruth , demanded resignation. incident became known darwin rebellion . grievances against 2 main northern territory employers: vestey s meatworks , federal government. both gilruth , vestey company left darwin afterwards. around 10,000 australian , other allied troops arrived in darwin @ outset of world war ii, in order defend australia s northern coastline. on 19 february 1942 @ 0957, 188 japanese warplanes attacked darwin in 2 waves. same fleet had bombed pearl harbor, though considera...

1 fictional biography 1.1 season one 1.2 season two 1.3 season three fictional biography season one tess first appears late in season one, in episode crazy , new girl @ fictional west roswell high school. makes friends isabel, notes tess puts sugar on yogurt, isabel herself admits prone do. tess later goes isabel , max s house, meets max , michael. isabel explains tess friend , new @ school. not stop max , michael being suspicious. tess quick point out alex s crush on isabel, , when asked if there has eye on, admits disappointed max unavailable. isabel tells has no chance, max total goner. however, max begins have explicit hallucinations tess. max talks michael it, , michael goes around house, discovering there not single thing in it. hides when army shows up. he later tells max , isabel this. isabel defends tess, while max worried because cannot control fantasies , not understand happening him. isabel goes tess house, meets father, ed, appears work army. tess explains house being em...

1 units 1.1 6th air mobility wing 1.2 927th air refueling wing 1.3 other major tenant units units 6th air mobility wing the 6 amw consists of: 6th operations group (6 og) 91st air refueling squadron (91 ars) operates boeing kc-135r stratotanker. kc-135r long-range aerial refueling (e.g., tanker) aircraft capable of refueling variety of other aircraft in mid-air, anywhere in world , under weather conditions. macdill kc-135s have supported military operations on world, including refueling , coalition aircraft during wars in bosnia, afghanistan , iraq. 310th airlift squadron (310 as) operates 3 gulfstream c-37a gulfstream v aircraft utilizing highly experienced flight crews provide global transportation on special assignment airlift missions (saam) directly supporting combatant commanders of u.s. central command, u.s. southern command, u.s. special operations command, u.s. northern command, u.s. transportation command, u.s. cyber command, , u.s. strategic command. 911th air refueling squa...

1 classification 1.1 gp2 1.1.1 qualifying 1.1.2 feature race 1.1.3 sprint race 1.1.4 standings after round 1.2 gp3 1.2.1 race 1 1.2.2 race 2 1.2.3 standings after round classification gp2 qualifying notes ^1 – valsecchi given ten place grid penalty feature race after causing collision during nürburgring sprint race , 3 place penalty impeding grosjean during qualifying session. ^2 – carroll handed 3 place grid penalty impeding coletti during qualifying session. feature race sprint race notes ^3 – ericsson given twenty-second penalty after race. standings after round note: top 5 positions included both sets of standings. gp3 race 1 notes ^4 – sims disqualified race 1 results because car did not comply technical regulations. race 2 notes ^5 – dillmann received twenty-second penalty after race not respecting track limits , gaining advantage whilst trying overtake under yellow waved flags. standings after round note: top 5 positions included both sets of standings. ^ davide valsecchi penal...

road surface raveling , potholes found exclusively along pavement markings non-mechanical markers found contribute deterioration of asphalt concrete road surface courses. paint , tape markers can cause road surface crack, , in more severe cases, markers contribute road surface raveling (a process in aggregate particles dislodged road surface, causing surface texture become pitted , rough) or potholes. this type of surface damage can found exclusively underneath pavement markings such lane markings , turn-lane arrows. there no definitive explanation of relationship between pavement markings , surface deterioration, there several hypotheses. 1 water vapor may have been trapped underneath road surface markings, causing de-bonding of asphalt binder aggregate materials. hypothesis reflectivity of markings may create differences in solar heating , thermal expansion strains between areas , without markings. small flaws caused differential strains may combined longitudinal cracks along marking...

tufts alumni in government sector include admiral james stavridis, current dean of fletcher school @ tufts university , former supreme allied commander of nato (m.a.l.d. 1983, ph.d. 1984); mulatu teshome wirtu (m.a.l.d 1990), president of ethiopia since 2013; kostas karamanlis (m.a. 1982, ph.d. 1984), former prime minister of greece; shashi tharoor (m.a. 1976, m.a.l.d. 1977, ph.d. 1979), former united nations under-secretary general , indian minister; daniel patrick moynihan (b.a. 1948, m.a. 1949, ph.d. 1961), former-us senator new york , ambassador united nations; scott brown (b.a. 1981), former-us senator massachusetts; bill richardson (b.a. 1970), former-governor of new mexico, secretary of energy , ambassador united nations; thomas r. pickering (m.a. 1954), diplomat; joseph dunford (m.a. 1992), chairman of joint chiefs of staff; , peter defazio (b.a. 1969), democratic united states representative oregon. graduates have found success in business include pierre omidyar (b.s. 1988), e...

in autumn 2004, second series commenced. 5 of 8 professionals returned. these professionals were: brendan, anton, erin, paul , camilla. there 5 new professionals are: darren, ian, lilia, nicole , hazel. hazel participated in series while other professionals competed in following series. a new spin-off show called strictly come dancing: takes 2 presented claudia winkleman created series , has continued air alongside each following series, hosted zoë ball on bbc two.

chrysoperla carnea predators , parasites the agriculture industry has been trying find biological , natural ways eliminate diamondback moth since moths have become resistant pesticides. common enemies of moth include parasitoids trichogramma chilonis , cotesia plutella , predator chrysoperla carnea, or lacewings. lacewings feed on eggs , young larvae, while parasitoids feed on eggs. these organisms can recognize diamondback sex pheromones, larval frass odors, , green leaf volatiles emitted cabbage. cabbage odors in combination sex pheromone particularly capable of attracting predators , parasitoids, consume diamondback larvae , eggs.

1 volcanic activity 1.1 popular classification of volcanoes 1.1.1 active 1.1.2 extinct 1.1.3 dormant , reactivated 1.2 technical classification of volcanoes 1.2.1 volcanic-alert level 1.2.2 volcano warning schemes of united states volcanic activity fresco mount vesuvius behind bacchus , agathodaemon, seen in pompeii s house of centenary popular classification of volcanoes a popular way of classifying magmatic volcanoes frequency of eruption, erupt regularly called active, have erupted in historical times quiet called dormant or inactive, , have not erupted in historical times called extinct. however, these popular classifications—extinct in particular—are practically meaningless scientists. use classifications refer particular volcano s formative , eruptive processes , resulting shapes, explained above. active there no consensus among volcanologists on how define active volcano. lifespan of volcano can vary months several million years, making such distinction meaningless when compar...

pāhoehoe lava flow on hawaii. picture shows overflows of main lava channel. the stromboli stratovolcano off coast of sicily has erupted continuously thousands of years, giving rise term strombolian eruption. san miguel (volcano), el salvador. on december 29, 2013, san miguel volcano, known chaparrastique , erupted @ 10:30 local time, spewing large column of ash , smoke sky; eruption, first in 11 years, seen space , prompted evacuation of thousands of people living in 3 km radius around volcano. ash plume san miguel (volcano) chaparrastique , seen satellite, heads towards pacific ocean el salvador central america coast, december 29, 2013 lava composition another way of classifying volcanoes composition of material erupted (lava), since affects shape of volcano. lava can broadly classified 4 different compositions (cas & wright, 1987): if erupted magma contains high percentage (>63%) of silica, lava called felsic. felsic lavas (dacites or rhyolites) tend highly viscous ...

1 honors 1.1 united states 1.2 club 1.3 individual honors united states concacaf gold cup (1): 2013 club dc united mls cup: 2004 eastern conference (playoffs): 2004 real salt lake mls cup: 2009 eastern conference (playoffs): 2009 western conference (playoffs): 2013 individual mls cup valuable player: 2009 mls all-star (5): 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015 mls save of year: 2012, 2013

george bailey (james stewart), mary bailey (donna reed) , youngest daughter zuzu (karolyn grimes). the contention james stewart referred capra s choice play george bailey disputed film historian stephen cox, indicates henry fonda in running. although stated jean arthur, ann dvorak , ginger rogers considered role of mary before donna reed won part, list disputed cox indicates jean arthur first offered part had turn down prior commitment on broadway before capra turned olivia de havilland, martha scott , ann dvorak. ginger rogers offered female lead, turned down because considered bland . in chapter 26 of autobiography ginger: story, questioned decision asking readers: foolish, say? a long list of actors considered role of potter (originally named herbert potter): edward arnold, charles bickford, edgar buchanan, louis calhern, victor jory, raymond massey, vincent price , thomas mitchell. however, lionel barrymore, won role, famous ebenezer scrooge in radio dramatizations of christmas ...

on eve of 1921 revolution, mongolia had underdeveloped, stagnant economy based on nomadic animal husbandry. farming , industry nonexistent; transportation , communications primitive; banking, services, , trade exclusively in hands of chinese or other foreigners. of people illiterate nomadic herders, , large part of male labour force lived in monasteries, contributing little economy. property in form of livestock owned aristocrats , monasteries; ownership of remaining sectors of economy dominated chinese or other foreigners. mongolia s new rulers faced daunting task in building modern, socialist economy. mongolia s economic development under communist control can divided 3 periods: 1921–1939; 1940–1960; , 1961 present. during first period, mongolian government called stage of general democratic transformation, economy remained agrarian , underdeveloped. after abortive attempt collectivize herders, livestock remained in private hands. state began develop industry based on processing of...

hatha yoga pradipika swami svatmarama the complete illustrated book of yoga swami vishnu-devananda devereux, g. (1998) dynamic yoga: ultimate workout chills mind charges body (thorsons, london) farhi, d. (2000) yoga mind, body , spirit: return wholeness (new leaf: new zealand) hewitt, j. (1977) complete yoga book (rider, london) iyengar, b. k. s. (2000), light on yoga, thorsons  iyengar, b.k.s (2001) yoga: path holistic health (dorling kindersley, london) mira, s. , methta, s. (1990) yoga: iyengar way (dorling kindersley, london) sivananda yoga vedanta centre (1996) yoga, mind , body (dk, london) sturgess, s. (1997) yoga book (element) swami muktibodhananda (1993) hatha yoga pradipika (yoga publications trust, munger, bihar, india) swami satyananda saraswati (1996) asana, pranayama, mudra, bandha (yoga publications trust, india) swenson, d. (1999) ashtanga yoga: practice manual (ashtanga yoga production, houston) nardini, sadie, 21 day yoga body: metabolic makeover , life styling m...

the tidal locking effect experienced larger body a, @ slower rate because b s gravitational effect weaker due b s smaller mass. example, earth s rotation gradually being slowed moon, amount becomes noticeable on geological time revealed in fossil record. current estimations (together tidal influence of sun) has helped lengthen earth day 6 hours current 24 hours. currently, atomic clocks show earth s day lengthens 15 microseconds every year. given enough time, create mutual tidal locking between earth , moon, length of day has increased , length of lunar month has shortened until 2 same. however, earth not expected become tidally locked moon before sun becomes red giant , engulfs earth , moon. for bodies of similar size effect may of comparable size both, , both may become tidally locked each other on shorter timescale. example dwarf planet pluto , satellite charon. have reached state charon visible 1 hemisphere of pluto , vice versa. pluto same age planets in solar system.

if rotational frequency larger orbital frequency, small torque counteracting rotation arises, locking frequencies (situation depicted in green) the angular momentum of whole a–b system conserved in process, when b slows down , loses rotational angular momentum, orbital angular momentum boosted similar amount (there smaller effects on s rotation). results in raising of b s orbit in tandem rotational slowdown. other case b starts off rotating slowly, tidal locking both speeds rotation, , lowers orbit.

high commission of fiji in wellington the following month, fiji s finance minister mahendra chaudhry accused new zealand of being excessive in hostility bainimara s government, , hinted @ shift in fiji s foreign policy towards asia: “fiji has friends in china, has friends in korea, has friends in […] other asian countries. we’re no longer relying on australia , new zealand. australia, new zealand, had condemned december 2006 coup, whereas china contrast had advised international community show understanding towards situation in fiji. later year, helen clark stated bainimarama treated leper if attended pacific islands forum meeting in tonga in october. pacific island nation members reacted distancing new zealand s stance, , bainimarama did attend. clark avoided bainimarama @ meeting. in november 2007, bilateral relations worsened further when fiji-born new zealand businessman, ballu khan, arrested in fiji, accused of conspiring assassinate bainimarama , several other members of fiji ...

1 causation 1.1 actual cause 1.1.1 substantial factor test 1.2 proximate cause causation causation typically bigger issue in negligence cases intentional torts. however, mentioned previously, element of tort. defendant s act must actual cause , proximate cause of result in particular cause of action. actual cause actual cause has historically been determined test. if result not have occurred defendant s act, act actual cause of result. several other tests have been created supplement general rule, however, deal cases in plaintiff suffers great harm, yet because multiple acts multiple defendants, test unhelpful. situation occurred in famous case of summers v. tice. example, dan , dave both negligently fire shotguns @ paula. paula struck 1 pellet , impossible determine gun fired from. using test alone, dan , dave can both escape liability. dan can own negligence, paula still might have suffered same harm. dave can make same argument. matter of public policy, courts nonetheless hold dan...

1 affirmative defenses 1.1 consent 1.2 self-defense 1.3 defense of property 1.4 necessity 1.4.1 private necessity 1.4.2 public necessity affirmative defenses the following affirmative defenses intentional torts. consent consent can defense intentional tort, although lack of consent incorporated definition of intentional tort, such trespass land. however, lack of consent not essential element establish prima facie case in such situations. therefore, treated affirmative defense. self-defense self-defense typically defense battery. similar self-defense defense of others. defense of property this typically defense trespass land or trespass chattels, can refer realty or personalty. necessity necessity typically defense trespass land. there 2 kinds of necessity, private , public. private necessity this partial privilege. party has privilege still liable damage caused. defense therefore more important when there concomitant issue of whether opposing party has valid privilege of defense of pro...