Civil war Mogadishu

by late 1980s, barre s regime had become increasingly unpopular. authorities became ever more totalitarian, , resistance movements, encouraged ethiopia s communist derg administration, sprang across country. led in 1991 outbreak of civil war, toppling of barre s government, , disbandment of somali national army. many of opposition groups subsequently began competing influence in power vacuum followed ouster of barre s regime. armed factions led united somali congress commanders general mohamed farah aidid , ali mahdi mohamed, in particular, clashed each sought exert authority on capital.

aerial view of residential area in mogadishu (1992)

un security council resolution 733 , un security council resolution 746 led creation of unosom i, first stabilization mission in somalia after dissolution of central government. united nations security council resolution 794 unanimously passed on 3 december 1992, approved coalition of united nations peacekeepers led united states. forming unified task force (unitaf), alliance tasked assuring security until humanitarian efforts transferred un. landing in 1993, un peacekeeping coalition started two-year united nations operation in somalia ii (unosom ii) in south.

some of militias competing power interpreted un troops presence threat hegemony. consequently, several gun battles took place in mogadishu between local gunmen , peacekeepers. among these battle of mogadishu of 1993, apprehension of 2 high-ranking lieutenants of faction leader aidid. un soldiers withdrew altogether country on 3 march 1995, having incurred more significant casualties.

in 2006, islamic courts union (icu), islamist organization, assumed control of of southern part of country , promptly imposed shari law. new transitional federal government (tfg), established 2 years earlier, sought re-establish authority. assistance of ethiopian troops, amisom peacekeepers , air support united states, managed drive out rival icu , solidify rule. on 8 january 2007, battle of ras kamboni raged, tfg president , founder abdullahi yusuf ahmed, former colonel in somali army, entered mogadishu first time since being elected office. government relocated villa somalia in mogadishu interim location in baidoa, marking first time since fall of barre regime in 1991 federal government controlled of country.

former prime minister mohamed abdullahi mohamed (farmajo) s technocratic administration credited having started city s pacification, process completed successor abdiweli mohamed ali.

following defeat, islamic courts union splintered several different factions. of more radical elements, including al-shabaab, regrouped continue insurgency against tfg , oppose ethiopian military s presence in somalia. throughout 2007 , 2008, al-shabaab scored military victories, seizing control of key towns , ports in both central , southern somalia. @ end of 2008, group had captured baidoa not mogadishu. january 2009, al-shabaab , other militias had managed force ethiopian troops retreat, leaving behind under-equipped african union peacekeeping force assist transitional federal government s troops.

between 31 may , 9 june 2008, representatives of somalia s federal government , moderate alliance re-liberation of somalia (ars) group of islamist rebels participated in peace talks in djibouti brokered un. conference ended signed agreement calling withdrawal of ethiopian troops in exchange cessation of armed confrontation. parliament subsequently expanded 550 seats accommodate ars members, elected new president. of small team of african union troops, coalition government began counteroffensive in february 2009 retake control of southern half of country. solidify control of southern somalia, tfg formed alliance islamic courts union, other members of alliance re-liberation of somalia, , ahlu sunna waljama a, moderate sufi militia.

in november 2010, new technocratic government elected office, enacted numerous reforms, in security sector. august 2011, new administration , amisom allies had managed capture of mogadishu al-shabaab militants. mogadishu has subsequently experienced period of intense reconstruction spearheaded somali diaspora, municipal authorities, , turkey, historic ally of somalia.