Examples Unintended consequences

1 examples

1.1 unexpected benefits
1.2 unexpected drawbacks
1.3 perverse results

examples
unexpected benefits

the creation of no-man s lands during cold war, in places such border between eastern , western europe, , korean demilitarized zone, has led large natural habitats.

the sinking of ships in shallow waters during wartime has created many artificial coral reefs, can scientifically valuable , have become attraction recreational divers.

in medicine, drugs have unintended consequences ( side effects ) associated use. however, beneficial. instance, aspirin, pain reliever, anticoagulant can prevent heart attacks , reduce severity , damage thrombotic strokes. existence of beneficial side effects leads off-label use—prescription or use of drug unlicensed purpose. famously, drug viagra developed lower blood pressure, main current use being discovered side effect in clinical trials.

unexpected drawbacks

the implementation of profanity filter aol in 1996 had unintended consequence of blocking residents of scunthorpe, north lincolnshire, england creating accounts due false positive. accidental censorship of innocent language, known scunthorpe problem, has been repeated , documented.

the objective of microfinance initiatives foster micro-entrepreneurs unintended consequence can informal intermediation: is, entrepreneurial borrowers become informal intermediaries between microfinance initiatives , poorer micro-entrepreneurs. more qualify microfinance split loans smaller credit poorer borrowers. informal intermediation ranges casual intermediaries @ or benign end of spectrum loan sharks @ professional , criminal end of spectrum.

in 1990, australian state of victoria made safety helmets mandatory bicycle riders. while there reduction in number of head injuries, there unintended reduction in number of juvenile cyclists—fewer cyclists leads fewer injuries, assuming else being equal. risk of death , serious injury per cyclist seems have increased, possibly due risk compensation. research vulcan, et al. found reduction in juvenile cyclists because youths considered wearing bicycle helmet unfashionable. health-benefit model developed @ macquarie university in sydney suggests that, while helmet use reduces risk of head or brain injury approximately two-thirds or more , decrease in exercise caused reduced cycling result of helmet laws counterproductive in terms of net health.

prohibition in 1920s united states, enacted suppress alcohol trade, drove many small-time alcohol suppliers out of business , consolidated hold of large-scale organized crime on illegal alcohol industry. since alcohol still popular, criminal organisations producing alcohol well-funded , hence increased other activities. similarly, war on drugs, intended suppress illegal drug trade, instead increased power , profitability of drug cartels became primary source of products.

in cia jargon, blowback describes unintended, undesirable consequences of covert operations, such funding of afghan mujahideen , destabilization of afghanistan contributing rise of taliban , al-qaeda.

the introduction of exotic animals , plants food, decorative purposes, or control unwanted species leads more harm done introduced species.

the introduction of rabbits in australia , new zealand food followed explosive growth in rabbit population; rabbits have become major feral pest in these countries.
cane toads, introduced australia control canefield pests, unsuccessful , have become major pest in own right.
kudzu, introduced ornamental plant in 1876 , later used prevent erosion in earthworks, has become major problem in southeastern united states. kudzu has displaced native plants , has taken on significant portions of land.

the protection of steel industry in united states reduced production of steel in united states, increased costs users, , increased unemployment in associated industries.

increased use of search engines has led decreased employment opportunities porn actresses in 20 s, producers began catering common search queries such milf , teen, lowering demand actresses of other groups.

drug prohibition can lead drug traffickers prefer stronger, more dangerous substances, can more smuggled , distributed other, less concentrated substances.

perverse results

in 2003, barbra streisand unsuccessfully sued kenneth adelman , pictopia.com posting photograph of home online. before lawsuit had been filed, 6 people had downloaded file, 2 of them streisand s attorneys. lawsuit drew attention image, resulting in 420,000 people visiting site. streisand effect named after incident, describing when attempt censor or remove piece of information instead draws attention material being suppressed, resulting in material instead becoming known, reported on, , distributed.

passenger-side airbags in motorcars intended safety feature, led increase in child fatalities in mid-1990s small children being hit deploying airbags during collisions. supposed solution problem, moving child seat of vehicle, led increase in number of children forgotten in unattended vehicles, of whom died under extreme temperature conditions.

risk compensation, or peltzman effect, occurs after implementation of safety measures intended reduce injury or death (e.g. bike helmets, seatbelts, etc.). people may feel safer , take additional risks not have taken without safety measures in place. may result in no change, or increase, in morbidity or mortality, rather decrease intended.

the british government, concerned number of venomous cobra snakes in delhi, offered bounty every dead cobra. successful strategy large numbers of snakes killed reward, enterprising people began breed cobras income. when government became aware of this, scrapped reward program, causing cobra breeders set now-worthless snakes free. result, wild cobra population further increased. apparent solution problem made situation worse, becoming known cobra effect.

theobald mathew s temperance campaign in 19th-century ireland (in thousands of people vowed never drink alcohol again) led consumption of diethyl ether, intoxicant more dangerous due high flammability, seeking become intoxicated without breaking letter of pledge.

it thought adding south-facing conservatories british houses reduce energy consumption providing insulation , warmth sun. however, people tended use conservatories living areas, installing heating , increasing overall energy consumption.

a reward lost nets found along normandy coast, offered french government between 1980 , 1981, resulted in people vandalizing nets collect reward.

beginning in 1940s , continuing 1960s, federal canadian government gave catholic church in quebec $2.25 per day per psychiatric patient cost of care, $0.75 day per orphan. perverse result orphan children diagnosed mentally ill church receive larger amount of money. psychiatric misdiagnosis affected 20,000 people, , children known duplessis orphans.

abstinence-only sex education has been shown increase teenage pregnancy rates, rather reduce them, when compared either comprehensive sex education or no sex education @ all.

there have been attempts curb consumption of sugary beverages imposing tax on them. however, study found reduced consumption temporary. also, there increase in consumption of beer among households.

the new jersey childproof handgun law, intended protect children accidental discharge of firearms forcing future firearms sold in new jersey contain smart safety features, has delayed, if not stopped entirely, introduction of such firearms new jersey markets. wording of law caused significant public backlash, fuelled gun rights lobbyists, , several shop owners offering such guns received death threats , stopped stocking them in 2014, 12 years after law passed, suggested law repealed if gun rights lobbyists agree not resist introduction of smart firearms.