Chemical reactions Cytosine

cytosine numbered components. methylation occurs on carbon number 5.

cytosine can found part of dna, part of rna, or part of nucleotide. cytidine triphosphate (ctp), can act co-factor enzymes, , can transfer phosphate convert adenosine diphosphate (adp) adenosine triphosphate (atp).

in dna , rna, cytosine paired guanine. however, inherently unstable, , can change uracil (spontaneous deamination). can lead point mutation if not repaired dna repair enzymes such uracil glycosylase, cleaves uracil in dna.

when found third in codon of rna, cytosine synonymous uracil, interchangeable third base. when found second base in codon, third interchangeable. example, ucu, ucc, uca , ucg serine, regardless of third base.

cytosine can methylated 5-methylcytosine enzyme called dna methyltransferase or methylated , hydroxylated make 5-hydroxymethylcytosine.

active enzymatic deamination of cytosine or 5-methylcytosine apobec family of cytosine deaminases have both beneficial , detrimental implications on various cellular processes on organismal evolution. implications of deamination on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, on other hand, remains less understood.