Ratification by the states Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution

the archivist did not certify amendment until may 18, 1992, 40 states listed ratifying amendment. kentucky s then-unknown 1792 ratification have made 41 states had ratified @ time of certification, 3 more 38 required three-quarters majority.

the following states ratified twenty-seventh amendment:

on may 18, 1992, archivist of united states, don w. wilson, certified amendment s ratification had been completed. michigan s may 7, 1992, ratification believed 38th state, later came light kentucky general assembly had ratified amendment during state s initial month of statehood, making missouri state finalize amendment s addition constitution.

the amendment later ratified by:

40. new jersey – may 7, 1992 (after rejection – november 20, 1789)
41. illinois – may 12, 1992
42. california – june 26, 1992
43. rhode island – june 10, 1993 (after rejection – june 7, 1790)
44. hawaii – april 29, 1994
45. washington – april 6, 1995
46. nebraska – april 1, 2016

four states have not ratified twenty-seventh amendment: massachusetts, mississippi, new york, , pennsylvania.

affirmation of ratification

in certifying amendment had been duly ratified, archivist of united states had acted under statutory authority granted office congress under title 1, section 106b of united states code, states:

whenever official notice received @ national archives , records administration amendment proposed constitution of united states has been adopted, according provisions of constitution, archivist of united states shall forthwith cause amendment published, certificate, specifying states same may have been adopted, , same has become valid, intents , purposes, part of constitution of united states.

the response in congress sharp. senator robert byrd of west virginia scolded wilson certifying amendment without congressional approval. although byrd supported congressional acceptance of amendment, contended wilson had deviated historic tradition not waiting congress consider validity of ratification, given extremely long lapse of time since amendment had been proposed. speaker of house tom foley , others called legal challenge amendment s unusual ratification.

on may 20, 1992, under authority recognized in coleman, , in keeping precedent first established regarding ratification of fourteenth amendment, each house of 102nd congress passed own version of concurrent resolution agreeing amendment validly ratified, despite unorthodox period of more 202 years completion of task. senate s approval of resolution unanimous (99 0) , house vote 414 3.

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