Second Sino-Japanese War Ma Bufang

chiang kai-shek (right) meets muslim generals ma bufang (second left), , ma buqing (first left) in xining in august 1942.



from left right: ma hongkui, unknown, hu zongnan, ma bufang, chiang kai-shek, (further left- unknown)- source says taken in 1934

ma bufang called peace , tolerance between ethnicities.

the soldiers in ma bufang s cavalry forces belonged wide range of ethnicities. hui, mongols, tibetans, , han chinese served in ma bufang s cavalry. ma bufang s ethnic tolerance ensured recruits escape ethnic divergence in armies. in theory.

in 1937 , 1938, japanese attempted approach ma bufang, ignored.

ma bufang s soldiers designated 82nd army during war against japan.

ma bufang- date unknown

in 1937, when japanese attack @ battle of beiping–tianjin began chinese government notified muslim general ma bufang of ma clique prepared bring fight japanese in telegram message. after marco polo bridge incident, arranged cavalry division, under muslim general ma biao, sent east battle japanese. ma buqing , ma bufang discussed battle plans against japanese on telephone chiang kai-shek. top crack elite cavalry of ma bufang sent against japan. ethnic turkic salar muslims made majority of first cavalry division ma bufang sent.

because of fierce resistance ma hongkui , ma bufang s muslim cavalry, japanese never able reach , capture lanzhou during war.

ma bufang obstructed japanese agents trying contact tibetans , called adversary japanese agent.

ma became governor of qinghai when expelled uncle ma lin power in 1938. commanded group army. appointed because of anti japanese inclinations.

under orders kuomintang government of chiang kaishek, ma bufang repaired yushu batang airport prevent tibetan separatists seeking independence. chiang ordered ma bufang put muslim soldiers on alert invasion of tibet in 1942. ma bufang complied, , moved several thousand troops border tibet. chiang threatened tibetans bombing if did not comply. ma bufang attacked tibetan buddhist tsang monastery in 1941. attacked labrang monastery.

ma bufang s army battled extensively in bloody battles against japanese in henan province. ma bufang sent army, under command of relative general ma biao, fight japanese in henan. qinghai chinese, salar, chinese muslim, dongxiang, , tibetan troops ma bufang sent fought death against imperial japanese army, or committed suicide refusing taken prisoner, when cornered enemy. when defeated japanese, muslim troops slaughtered of them except few prisoners sent qinghai prove had been victorious. in september 1940, when japanese launched offensive against muslim qinghai troops, muslims ambushed them , killed many of them forced retreat. japanese not pick dead; instead, cut arm corpses cremation send japan. japanese did not attempt make similar offensive again. ma biao eldest son of ma haiqing, sixth younger brother of ma haiyan, ma bufang s grandfather.

during war against japan, ma bufang commanded 82nd army.

xining subjected aerial bombardment japanese warplanes in 1941 during second-sino japanese war. bombing spurred ethnicities in qinghai, including local qinghai mongols , qinghai tibetans, against japanese. salar muslim general han youwen directed defense of city of xining during air raids japanese planes. han survived aerial bombardment japanese planes in xining while being directed via telephone ma bufang, hid in air raid shelter in military barracks. bombing resulted in human flesh splattering blue sky white sun flag , han being buried in rubble. han youwen dragged out of rubble while bleeding , managed grab machine gun while limping , fired @ japanese warplanes , cursed japanese dogs in native salar language.

ma bukang , ma bufang having discussion on ma biao when japanese warplanes bombed xining.

in 1942, generalissimo chiang kai-shek, head of chinese government, toured northwestern china in xinjiang, gansu, ningxia, shaanxi, , qinghai, met both ma buqing , ma bufang. reported around time ma had 50,000 elite soldiers in army.

ma bufang supported chinese nationalist imam hu songshan.