Pandyan Civil War (AD 1308 to 1311) Pandyan dynasty

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after death of king maravarman kulashekhara, sons vira , sundara fought war of succession control of kingdom. taking advantage of situation, neighbouring hoysala king ballala iii invaded pandya territory. however, ballala had retreat capital, when malik kafur, general of muslim delhi sultanate, invaded kingdom @ same time. after subjugating ballala, malik kafur marched pandya territory in march 1311. army raided number of places in kingdom, massacring people , destroying temples. pandya brothers fled headquarters, , kafur pursued them unsuccessfully, hoping make 1 of them tributary delhi sultan alauddin khalji. nevertheless, invaders obtained large number of treasures, elephants , horses.


according 14th century sanskrit treatise leelathilakam, general named vikrama pandya defeated muslims. historians have identified vikrama uncle of vira , sundara, , believe defeated malik kafur. however, identification not supported historical evidence: vikrama pandya mentioned in leelathilakam appears have defeated later muslim army during 1365-70. late april 1311, rains had obstructed operations of delhi forces, , invading generals received news defenders had assembled large army against them. kafur gave plans pursue pandya brothers, , returned delhi plunder.


after kafur s departure, vira , sundara resumed conflict. sundara pandya defeated, , sought delhi sultanate. help, regained control of south arcot region 1314.



an aerial view of madurai city atop meenakshi amman temple









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