Flat handled spade money Ancient Chinese coinage

square foot spade of yang



square foot spades: type has square feet, square crutch, , central line on obverse. reverses 3 lines, apart on spades produced mints in state of zhao produced pointed foot spades. these have numerals on reverse. mints produced square foot spades more numerous produced pointed foot spades. weights compatible half jin denomination. associated states of han, zhao, liang, zhou, , yan. find spots include provinces of inner mongolia, jilin, hebei, shanxi, shaanxi, shandong, jiangsu, anhui, henan, , zhejiang. type no doubt contemporary pointed foot spades; mints issued both types, , 2 found in hoards.
sharp cornered spades: these form distinct sub-series of square foot spades. differ normal type have small triangular projections on handle. inscriptions of 3 larger types include characters jin (chinese: 金; pinyin: jīn) , nie (chinese: 涅; pinyin: niè). while nie name of river in henan, character cannot readily construed part of place name, found in conjunction other place names such lu shi , yu. according fang yan (an ancient book on dialects), nie meant same hua (chinese: 化; pinyin: huà), money or coin. characters jin nie mean metal coin . weights of larger coins seem higher 14 grams of jin standard. find spots correspond states of liang , han.
dang jin spades: these constitute sub-group inscriptions suggest equivalence between units of 2 trading areas. both small , large coins have character jin (chinese: 伒; pinyin: jìn) in inscription. taken being same jin unit found on other flat handled spade coins. however, 28 gram weight of these coins suggests unit twice 14 grams of flat handled spade jin, perhaps local unit of area. smaller coin found 2 joined @ feet. how cast, not clear if intended circulate this. weight between 7 , 8 grams, quarter of larger coins, inscription indicating 4 equivalent jin logical. obverse inscriptions matter of debate. taking consensus, logical reading is: [city of] pei coin equivalent jin (chinese: 斾比當伒; pinyin: pèi bǐ dāng jìn).
round foot spades: round handle, round shoulders, , round feet. rare type, type represented coins of 5 cities in present-day shanxi, between fen , yellow river. there 2 sizes, equivalent of 1 jin , half jin denominations. have various numerals on reverses. 1 school of thought ascribes them states of qin , zhao @ end of warring states period; state of zhongshan during 4th century bc.


three-hole bu money



three hole spades: holes in handle , feet. round handle, round shoulders, , round feet. rare type. 2 sizes found. large size has inscription liang (chinese: 兩; pinyin: liǎng) on reverse; smaller shi er zhu (chinese: 十二銖; pinyin: shí èr zhū) (12 zhu). liang unit of weight divided 24 zhu, 2 sizes represent denominations of 1 , of half . have series numbers on handle on reverse. round foot spades, not established state issued them. find spots in eastern shanxi , hebei. mint names cities occupied both zhongshan , zhao.




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