Beiyang Ma Fuxiang

ma fuxiang



ma fuxiang , gen. wu peifu

during xinhai revolution in 1912, ma fuxiang protected catholic mission attacks gelaohui in sandaohe district, , protected catholic mission attacks in 1916. , nephew ma hongbin received order of leopold (belgium) ( king leopold decoration ) work.

the beiyang government , yuan shikai received ma fuxiang s steadfast support once has accepted qing dynasty s time had ended. republic appointed him several military positions.

ma fuxiang named military commander of ningxia president yuan shikai. ma captured mongol separatist in baotou , executed mongol prince tried declare himself emperor, buddhist monk named ta-er lilu-chi (wu daer liufi). supported bandit kao shih-hsiu (gao shixiu). ma fuxiang defeated kao in ningxia in 1916, , mongol princes of otoy, Üüsin , qanggin pledged allegiance fake emperor, presenting him rifles. on 19 june 1916, kao arrived emperor, badly defeated ma fushou, brother of ma fuxiang, , withdrew through otoy sandaohe. in 1917 kao defeated @ shizzuizi, emperor , kao s underlings executed , kao fled.

ma fuxiang s book, shuofang daozhi , portrays these events. account written frenchman harry serruys describes them.

ma fuxiang, commander of protective army, dispatched ma fushou, chief of staff of brilliant military army, attack robbers in zuuqa temple. ma fuxiang dispatched fushou army attack kao s army @ zuuqa temple , destroyed band. in second month of 1917 ma fuxiang executed wu daer liuji. ma fuxiang dispatched nephew ma hongbin attack kao , wu @ shizuishan. when liu-chi defeated, ma fuxiang ambushed him , defeated him again. ma fuxiang captured yu ling-yun, su xuefeng, yao zhankui, zhang zhenqing, li zongwen , several others; in 18 men executed. ma fuxiang wrote commemorative inscription men ningxia died in expedition against bogus emperor. in third month of sixth year of republic [1917], ma fuxiang @ burial of mother. reached ning anbu ma hongbin sent him telegram stating bogus emperor , other bogus generals had mounted invasion suiyuan. after victory, officers in charge of military headquarters , regular soldiers honored.

ma fuxiang defeated brigands near sandaohe (san-tao-ho) , expelled them ningxia, according belgian catholic missionary j. terstappen in 1915.

han-hui relations improved during ma fuxiang s reign on ningxia due policies.

ma fuxiang , jahriyya sufi leader ma yuanzhang became enemies after ma fuxiang got angry ma yuanzhang refused him remove zhang guangjian governor of gansu , telegraphed beijing zhang should remain governor. ma fuxiang , other gansu generals believed native of gansu province should governor rather outsider. ma fuxiang himself considered eligible person serve governor of gansu after zhang s unsuccessful term, because of military service under qing , republic of china, , rule on ningxia.

he invested in wool trade , factory made matches.

ma fuxiang took ma anliang s place de facto leader of muslims in northwest china when ma anliang died in 1918.

ma fuxiang involved in relief efforts in lanzhou during 1920 haiyuan earthquake.

ma appointed military governor of suiyuan beiyang government , served in position 1921–1925. suiyuan had 400-mile river valley , railroad. american businessmen reported ma fuxiang considered modernizing infrastructure in region motorized transport. department of industry , department of education established in suiyuan ma fuxiang while military governor there.

ma fuxiang, member of zhili clique, signed denunciation of anhui clique , military arm, anfu club led xu shuzheng , duan qirui. denunciation circulated through telegram called paoting-fu, on 12 july 1920. zhili clique led wu peifu. @ time ma defense commissioner of ningxia, gansu. led zhili–anhui war.

the gelaohui , ma fuxiang came agreement in 1922, in ma fuxiang agreed allow gelaohui extort protection money wool merchants in baotou. ma fuxiang controlled baotou militarily while central government in beijing controlled baotou s jurisdiction.

ma fuxiang, supervisor in suiyuan, sent telegrams regarding uniting of rehe , chahar defense purposes january–september 1924.

ma fuxiang allied gen. wu peifu , acquired land political separation of inner mongolia zhang zuolin. ma fuxiang s nephew ma hongbin in charge of army, , civil administrator non-muslim. ma hongbin read upton close revelations of prophet in shandong advocated union of buddhism, islam, daoism, catholicism , protestantism in china under confucianism.

according trans-pacific, volume 6, ma fuxiang religiously tolerant , materially progressive , since when served food cooked non-muslims or presented wine, while amidst non-muslims, willing eat , drink. according upton close, did not drink wine or smoke tobacco, served them guests.

ma fuxiang s wife died in 1927 in beijing, , funeral held in hochow. 1 of multiple wives.

chinese generals pay tribute sun yat-sen mausoleum in beijing in 1928 after success of northern expedition. right left, gen. cheng jin, gen. zhang zuobao, gen. chen diaoyuan, gen. chiang kai-shek, gen. woo tsin-hang, gen. wen xishan, muslim gen. ma fuxiang, gen. ma sida , muslim gen. bai chongxi.