Genes are copied Introduction to genetics

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genes copied each time cell divides 2 new cells. process copies dna called dna replication. through similar process child inherits genes parents, when copy mother mixed copy father.


dna can copied , accurately because each piece of dna can direct creation of new copy of information. because dna made of 2 strands pair 2 sides of zipper. nucleotides in center, teeth in zipper, , pair hold 2 strands together. importantly, 4 different sorts of nucleotides different shapes, strands close properly, nucleotide must go opposite t nucleotide, , g opposite c. exact pairing called base pairing.


when dna copied, 2 strands of old dna pulled apart enzymes; pair new nucleotides , close. produces 2 new pieces of dna, each containing 1 strand old dna , 1 newly made strand. process not predictably perfect proteins attach nucleotide while building , cause change in sequence of gene. these changes in dna sequence called mutations. mutations produce new alleles of genes. these changes stop functioning of gene or make serve advantageous function, such melanin genes discussed above. these mutations , effects on traits of organisms 1 of causes of evolution.








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