History Kaniakapupu

-


king kamehameha iii


in 19th century, honolulu situated on dust plain. aridity , lack of water, save nuʻuanu stream, prompted many residents seek reprieve few miles outside of town in forested uplands of nuʻuanu valley. in suburb, american missionaries, white merchants, , hawaiian royals built european-style homes escape summer heat. site of luakaha located 5 miles (8.0 km) outside city , reachable horse , carriage. claim on area relinquished charles kanaʻina during great māhele of 1848, , became part of crown lands. kamehameha iii allocated nearby piece of land advisor , friend keoni ana, built hānaiakamalama near king.


kaniakapūpū built prior capital of kingdom of hawaii moving honolulu lahaina in 1845. along hale aliʻi, king s new official residence in center of town, , summer retreat in nuʻuanu valley, new royal residences built resemble spatial-cultural geography of mokuʻula, king s royal residential complex in lahaina. on july 5, 1842, american missionary amos starr cooke, teacher of royal school, wrote in journal governor kekūanāoʻa in process of building stone house king in luakaha.


the retreat completed in 1845 , became place entertaining foreign celebrities, chiefs, , commoners. on hawaiian sovereignty restoration day (lā hoʻihoʻi ea) in 1847, king kamehameha iii , queen kalama hosted grand luau @ palace. celebration commemorated fourth anniversary of restoration of hawaiian independence , sovereignty british rear-admiral richard darton thomas, following five-month british occupation of kingdom during paulet affair of 1843. luau attended estimated ten thousand guests. palace may have been site of earlier luau, or great ahaʻaina (feast), part of initial ten-day restoration festivities in 1842. children royal school, including of future hawaiian monarchs, visited teachers (the cookes).


by 1874, map of region labeled area old ruins , implying dilapidated state. no records exist why site abandoned.


contemporary descriptions

danish explorer steen anderson bille visited oahu in october 1846 while circumnavigating globe on corvette galathea between 1845 , 1847. besides having audience king kamehameha iii @ hale aliʻi, , commenting on honolulu social life, bille wrote description of luakaha:



one of distant county seats on right side of road of king. rather large building surrounding porch, , not distinguish architectural beauty. small cottage build englishman on road little before king s house reached, still more insignificant, if pass rear of garden see seething fall cascading down height of more 70 feet.



another account written in 1908 gorham d. gilman, new england merchant resided in lahaina , honolulu 1840 1861:



the last building in valley after foreign style majesty s country seat, @ spends considerable time during summer. 5 miles town, , pleasant ride. in fine situation , surrounded many of original forest trees. plain stone building 1 large room , 2 sleeping rooms, whole surrounded wide veranda enclosed neat paling fence. here great meal fete given majesty admiral thomas @ time of restoration.









Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Types Raffinate

-
1 types 1.1 raffinate-1 or c4r1 1.2 raffinate-2 or c4r2 1.3 raffinate-3 or c4r3 1.4 raffinate-4 or c4r4 types raffinate-1 or c4r1 in naphtha cracking process, c4r1 refers c4 residual obtained after separation of 1,3-butadiene c4 raffinate stream , which, consists of isobutylene 40~50 wt% , cis- or trans-2-butene 30~35 wt%. c4r1 side product in 1,3-butadiene plant , feed tert-butyl alcohol plant. raffinate-2 or c4r2 in naphtha cracking process, c4r2 refers c4 residual obtained after separation of 1,3-butadiene , isobutylene c4 raffinate stream , consists of cis- or trans-2-butene 50~60 wt%, 1-butene 10~15 wt%, , n-butane ~20 wt%. c4r2 side product in tert-butyl alcohol plant if c4r1 used feed. raffinate-3 or c4r3 in naphtha cracking process, c4r3 refers c4 residual obtained after separation of 1,3-butadiene, isobutylene, , 1-butene c4 raffinate stream consists of cis- or trans-2-butene, n-butane, , unseparated 1-butene. c4r3 being process through selective hydrogenation unit (shu) , cdh...
Read more

Biography Michał Vituška

-
meanwhile, special units (ss-jagdverbände) of local collaborationists trained germans infiltrate soviet rear. trained in dahlwitz near berlin ss-standartenführer otto skorzeny. paratroopers came reichskommissariat ostland; , split commandos based on country of origin. part of nazi effort combat growing soviet partisan movement in belarus during war, thirty belarusians espionage , sabotage outfit known Čorny kot (black cat) led michał vituška age 37, airdropped luftwaffe in late 1944 behind lines of red army. @ time, german forces had been expelled present-day belarus during operation bagration. black cats experienced initial successes due disorganization in rear of red army. other german-trained belarusian nationalist units slipped through białowieża forest in 1945. however, nkvd secret police informants infiltrated these units. result, ambushed , killed in short order. the anti-soviet partisans experienced initial success due disorganization in rear of red army. vituška became coord...
Read more

Caf.C3.A9 Types of restaurant

-
byways cafe in portland, oregon, usa cafés informal restaurants offering range of hot meals , made-to-order sandwiches. coffee shops, while similar cafés, not restaurants due fact serve , derive majority of revenue hot drinks. many cafés open breakfast , serve full hot breakfasts. in areas, cafés offer outdoor seating. word comes french café, designates coffee shop and/or bar in france.
Read more