Southern Dynasties Ancient Chinese coinage

-



1 southern dynasties

1.1 song (420–79)
1.2 liang (502–556)
1.3 chen (557–89)





southern dynasties
song (420–79)

si zhu (chinese: 四銖; pinyin: sì zhū; literally: 4 zhu ) no inner rims on obverse. issued emperor wen in 430, capital @ nanking. coinage office established under chamberlain palace revenues.
xiao jian (chinese: 孝建; pinyin: xiào jiàn; literally: xiaojian period ) reverse: si zhu (chinese: 四銖; pinyin: sì zhū; literally: 4 zhu ) poor coin, many variations. issued emperor xiao 454. actual weight nearer 2 zhu. withdrawn emperor ming in 467.
jing (chinese: 景和; pinyin: jǐng hé; literally: [jing period title] )
yong guang (chinese: 永光; literally: [yong guang period title] )
liang zhu (chinese: 兩銖; literally: 2 zhu )

the last 3 small coins, weighing 2 zhu, issued emperor fei in 465. jinghe , yongguang periods lasted few months, these coins rare. song capital @ nanking.


liang (502–556)

tai qing feng le (chinese: 太清豐樂; pinyin: tài qīng fēng lè; literally: tai qing, prosperous , happy ) attributed tai qing period (547–549) of emperor wu. hoard discovered in jiangsu containing 4,000 tai qing feng le coins various other sorts of coins showing not amulet had been claimed authorities.


chen (557–89)

tai huo liu zhu (chinese: 太貨六銖; pinyin: tài huò liù zhū; literally: large coin 6 zhu ) issued emperor xuan in 579. @ first coin equivalent ten wu zhus. later value changed one, , contemporary saying cried before emperor, arms akimbo said refer discontent among people caused this. seal character liu suggests arms akimbo posture. coin withdrawn in 582 when emperor died, , wu zhus adopted. chen capital nanking.







Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Types Raffinate

-
1 types 1.1 raffinate-1 or c4r1 1.2 raffinate-2 or c4r2 1.3 raffinate-3 or c4r3 1.4 raffinate-4 or c4r4 types raffinate-1 or c4r1 in naphtha cracking process, c4r1 refers c4 residual obtained after separation of 1,3-butadiene c4 raffinate stream , which, consists of isobutylene 40~50 wt% , cis- or trans-2-butene 30~35 wt%. c4r1 side product in 1,3-butadiene plant , feed tert-butyl alcohol plant. raffinate-2 or c4r2 in naphtha cracking process, c4r2 refers c4 residual obtained after separation of 1,3-butadiene , isobutylene c4 raffinate stream , consists of cis- or trans-2-butene 50~60 wt%, 1-butene 10~15 wt%, , n-butane ~20 wt%. c4r2 side product in tert-butyl alcohol plant if c4r1 used feed. raffinate-3 or c4r3 in naphtha cracking process, c4r3 refers c4 residual obtained after separation of 1,3-butadiene, isobutylene, , 1-butene c4 raffinate stream consists of cis- or trans-2-butene, n-butane, , unseparated 1-butene. c4r3 being process through selective hydrogenation unit (shu) , cdh...
Read more

Biography Michał Vituška

-
meanwhile, special units (ss-jagdverbände) of local collaborationists trained germans infiltrate soviet rear. trained in dahlwitz near berlin ss-standartenführer otto skorzeny. paratroopers came reichskommissariat ostland; , split commandos based on country of origin. part of nazi effort combat growing soviet partisan movement in belarus during war, thirty belarusians espionage , sabotage outfit known Čorny kot (black cat) led michał vituška age 37, airdropped luftwaffe in late 1944 behind lines of red army. @ time, german forces had been expelled present-day belarus during operation bagration. black cats experienced initial successes due disorganization in rear of red army. other german-trained belarusian nationalist units slipped through białowieża forest in 1945. however, nkvd secret police informants infiltrated these units. result, ambushed , killed in short order. the anti-soviet partisans experienced initial success due disorganization in rear of red army. vituška became coord...
Read more

Caf.C3.A9 Types of restaurant

-
byways cafe in portland, oregon, usa cafés informal restaurants offering range of hot meals , made-to-order sandwiches. coffee shops, while similar cafés, not restaurants due fact serve , derive majority of revenue hot drinks. many cafés open breakfast , serve full hot breakfasts. in areas, cafés offer outdoor seating. word comes french café, designates coffee shop and/or bar in france.
Read more