First conflict with the Russians, dispute with Gilan, and the invasion of northern Persian Iraq Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar

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19th-century russian map of ashurada island


in 1781, russian empire, interested in building trade route iran in order able trade regions deep asia, sent emissary under marko ivanovich voinovich coast of gorgan, sought approval build trading-post @ ashraf. when agha mohammad khan refused, voinovich ignored refusal , went on establish interim settlement on ashurada island. no ships, agha mohammad khan unable retake island—he instead tricked voinovich , of men meeting him @ astarabad, held captives until voinovich agreed order men leave ashurada.


a year later agha mohammad khan invaded gilan, because ruler hedayat-allah had changed allegiance zand dynasty. hedayat-allah sent 2 diplomats, mirza sadeq , agha sadeq lahiji, agha mohammad make peace. precaution went shirvan. diplomats unable come favorable terms agha mohammad khan, raided gilan s capital rasht , seized riches. rejoicing in victory, sent brother jafar qoli khan conquer northern part of persian iraq. latter defeated zand army in ray (or karaj), , thereafter seized qazvin. marched zanjan, seized. in 1783, agha mohammad khan besieged tehran, town under zand control had proved troublesome. during siege, plague started spreading in town, , thereafter agha mohammad khan s army camp outside city, forced him lift siege.








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